g]kfnL 
sDKo'6/
uf}/j/fh pkfWofo
sDKo'6/sf] s'/f ubf{ efiff / lnlksf] k|;Ë
sf]6\ofpg' cgf}7f] nfUg ;S5 . t/, To;f] ug'{ h?/L 5, lsgeg]
sDKo'6/df g]kfnL efiff / o;sf lnlk cyf{t\ cIf/, ;Í]t
cflb k|of]u ug{sf] lgldQ Ps k|sf/sf] gLlt / lgod geO{ ePsf]
5}g . clxn];Dd xfd|f sDKo'6/sf kbf{df g]kfnL cIf/ jf
zAb lgsfNg xfdLn] cª\u|]hL cIf/ g} k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf
5f}F . sDKo'6/ l:qmgdf b]Vbf …sÚ b]lvP
klg, sDKo'6/sf] …lbdfuÚ df Tof] …sÚ
eP/ /x]sf] x'G5 . xfdLn] g]kfnL cyf{t\ b]jgfu/L lnlk
jf cIf/, zAb, cÍ of ;Í]t lrXg k|of]u u/]/
lbPsf] …cfb]zÚ sDKo'6/n] cª\u|]hLdf ?kfGt/
u/]/ dfq a'´5 / To;} cg'?k sfd u5{ . o;n] ubf{ g]kfnL
efiffdf sDKo'6/sf] jf:tljs k|of]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
o'lgsf]8nfO{
cfˆgf] sDKo'6/df s;/L /fVg] <
g]kfnLs/0f
ul/Psf] o'lgsf]8 /fVg eg] sDKo'6/sf] ck/]l6ª
l;:6dn] klg o'lgsf]8 ;kf]6{ ug'{k5{ . ljG8f]h
@))) / o;kl5sf ljG8f]h, clg lngS; / DoflsG6f]; sDKo'6/df
klg o'lgsf]8sf] ;'ljwf x'G5 . ck/]l6ª l;:6d
/fVbfv]l/ g}, OlG8s efiff ;d"x klg /fVg] eg]/
5fGg'k5{ . To;kl5, g]kfnLs[t b]jgfu/L sDKo'6/df
k9\g ;Sg] eP klg, n]Vg / c¿ sfo{ ug{sf nflu
gofF Kofs]h /fVg'k5{ .
o'lgsf]8df cfwfl/t kmG6x¿ s;/L agfpg], clg
;l6{ª s;/L ug{ ;lsG5, h:tf ljleGg k|fljlws ljifodf
Sofg OGkmf]6]s sf] cj;/df tflnd sfo{qmdx¿ x'g]5g\ .
o;n] ubf{ xfn ljleGg kmG6 agfO;s]sf JolQmx¿n]
klg gofF k|0ffnLdf cfˆgf kmG6x¿ /fVg kfpg]5g\ .
o'lgsf]8nfO{ g]kfnLs/0f ubf{ rflxg] k|fljlws hfgsf/Lx¿
;a}n] k9\g ;Sg] u/L OG6/g]6df klg /flvg] 5g\ .
o; gofF k|0ffnLdf
cfwfl/t sDKo'6/ lnlkx¿ Sofg OGkmf]6]ss} cj;/df
;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . clg of] k|0ffnL, clg o;nfO{
Jofks ljt/0f ug{sf nflu OG6/g]6sf] j]a;fO6x¿df
klg /flvg]5g\ .
|
sDKo'6/sf] v'aL eg]s} …;l6{ªÚ
/ …8]6f k|f];]l;ªÚ ug'{ xf], t/ clxn]sf]
cj:yfdf bz hgf JolQmsf] gfd n]v]kl5, To;nfO{ qmdfg';f/ /fVg]
sfd;Dd klg sDKo'6/nfO{ g]kfnLdf u/fpg ;lsFb}g . xfn
g]kfndf Ps÷b'O{ j6f ;+:yfx¿n] ljz]if k|ljlw
nufP/ cf–cfˆgf] sfddf b]jgfu/Ld} 8]6f k|f];]l;ª
u/] klg ;/sf/L, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs / cfly{s If]qdf o;f] eO/x]sf]
5}g . clg, sDKo'6/sf] Pp6f kmG6 -lnlk_ df n]lvPsf]
s'/f csf]{ lnlkdf ?kfGt/ ubf{ lalu|g] t 5Fb}5 . g]kfnL
kmG6 -h:t}M …k|LltÚ, …sflGtk'/Ú
jf …kmf]G6f;LÚ_ eg]/ dfq s] ug'{, logLx¿sf]
Psfk;df …d]nhf]nÚ 5}g cyf{t\ lnlkdf Ps?ktf
5}g . To;}n] logLx¿sf] e/df w]/} s]xL ug}{ ;lsFb}g .
sDKo'6/nfO{ 6fOk/fO6/ eGbf a9LÙ sDKo'6/s}
¿kdf k|of]u ug{ sDKo'6/df k|of]u x'g] g]kfnL kmG6x¿df
Ps?ktf x'g' h?/L 5 . eGg'sf] dnta cIf/x¿ eg]/
sDKo'6/n] a'´g] gDa/ cyjf …sf]8Ú x¿
;a} kmG6df Pp6} x'g' k¥of] . cyf{t\, g]kfnLsf]
…:6\of088{ kmG6Ú lgwf{l/t x'g' k¥of] .
h'g ;a} sDKo'6/n] a'‰'g\ . o;sf nflu ;a}n] sDKo'6/leq
Ps} k|sf/n] g]kfnL cIf/x¿ /fVg' k5{ . aflx/L
¿kdf leGg} b]lvP klg, leqL ¿kdf Ps?ktf ePdf
ljleGg k|sf/sf sDKo'6/df‰ g]kfnL efiff / lnlkd} ;Gb]zx¿
jf …8]6fÚ sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfnLdf
n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ sDKo'6/df a[xt ¿kdf /flvg'cl3
of] sfo{ x'g h?/L 5 . ;dod} …sf]l8ªÚ
df Ps?ktf NofOPg eg] ljleGg ¿ksf g]kfnL kmG6x¿
ylkFb} / km}lnFb} hfg]5g\ clg eljiodf …:6\of08/fOhÚ
ug{ ‰g\ a9L ;d:of k}bf x'g]5g\ .
sDKo'6/df k|of]u ul/g] g]kfnL b]jgfu/L lnlknfO{
:6\of08/fOh ug]{ jf lnlkdf Ps?ktf Nofpg] sfd s]xL pT;'s
JolQmx¿sf] cu|;/tfdf lgs} cufl8 g} z'? ePsf] xf] .
rf/ jif{cl3 of] sfd lgs} cufl8 al9;s]sf]] klg lyof], lghL
If]q / ;fdflhs If]qsf] cu'jfO{df . Toltv]/, o; sfo{nfO{
;Dk"0f{tf k|bfg ug{ / ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ljleGg pk;ldltx¿
klg u7g ul/Psf lyP . efiff pk;ldlt / k|fljlws pk;ldltdf
ljleGg ljåfgx¿af6 ;Nnfx lnOPsf] lyof] / Tolt
g} v]/ sDKo'6/df g]kfnL lnlkdf Ps?ktf sfod ug{ s] ug'{k5{
eg]/ Pp6f Zj]t kq -XjfO6 k]k/_ klg hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .
t/ To;avt, k|fljlws ;d:ofsf sf/0f Tof] sfd kmQ] x'g ;s]g
.
sDKo'6/df lnlk /fVg] k|ljlw
;a} sDKo'6/df Pp6} lsl;dsf] g]kfnL b]jgfu/L
lnlksf] sf]l8ª ;Í]t /fVgsf nflu, sDKo'6/sf]
kbf{df b]lvg] lnlksf] s'g} ;/f]sf/ x'Fb}g . d'Vo t
sDKo'6/n] Tof] g]kfnL cIf/nfO{ cfˆgf] …d]df]/LÚ
jf ;D‰gfdf s;/L /fV5 eGg] s'/f dxŒjk"0f{
x'G5 . To;sf nflu sDKo'6/nfO{ rnfpg] …ck/]l6ª
l;:6dÚ ;Ddsf] sfd ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . sDKo'6/df
k|rlnt ck/]l6ª l;:6dsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f ljG8f]h xf], h'g
dfOqmf];ˆ6 sDkgLsf] ;DklQ xf] . ljG8f]h df kl/jt{g
Nofpg rf/ jif{cl3 ;Dej ePsf] lyPg .
t/, clxn] kl/l:ylt ablnPsf] 5 . clxn]
cGt/f{li6«o :t/d} ljleGg lnlksf cIf/x¿ sDKo'6/df
/fVg] lglZrt l;4fGt / lgod klg alg;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] dfGotfnfO{
…o'lgsf]8Ú gfd lbOPsf] 5 . o'lgsf]8 cyf{t\
…Pp6} sf]8Ú, nfO{ ;+;f/sf ;a} sDKo'6/ / ck/]l6ª
l;:6dn] a'´g ;S5g\, / o;sf] k|of]uaf6 Pp6f sDKo'6/af6
csf]{ sDKo'6/df s'g} klg lnlkdf n]lvPsf cIf/x¿ ;f6f;f6
ug{ ;lsG5 . o'lgsf]8df blIf0f PlzofnL d"nsf efiffx¿sf]
5'6\6} ;d"x g} 5 h;nfO{ …OlG8s ;d"xÚ
elgG5 . …OlG8sÚ lnlk ;d"xdf b]jgfu/L
lnlksf] klg sf]8 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 .
o'lgsf]8df /flvPsf] b]jgfu/L lnlksf] sf]8n]
g]kfnL efiffdf k|of]u x'g] ;a} cIf/x¿ eg] ;d]6]sf]
5}g . o;/L g;d]l6Psf cIf/x¿df If, q / 1 5g\ .
t/, efiffljb\x¿sf cg';f/ If, q / 1 qmdzM S / if,
t\ / / tyf h\ / ~f ldn]/ ag]sf cIf/x¿ x'g\, h;n]
ubf{ b]jgfu/L lnlkd} klg logsf] 5'6\6} :yfg 5}g . o'lgsf]8df
ePsf b'O{ jf a9L cIf/x¿ hf]8]/ klg oL cIf/x¿
agfpg ;lsG5 . o;/L aGg] ;+o'Qm cIf/x¿ klg o'lgsf]8
cGtu{tsf] k|0ffnLdf sDKo'6/df /xG5g\, h;n] ubf{ ;a} sDKo'6/df
oL ;dfg x'G5g\ .
o'lgsf]8n] ls–af]8{df cIf/x¿
sxfF sxfF /fVg'k5{ eGg] af/] s]xL klg tf]s]sf] x'Fb}g .
g]kfndf b]jgfu/L lnlk 6fOk ubf{ Pp6f k|0ffnL k|of]u x'G5
eg] ef/tdf lxGbL / c¿ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf cs}{ .
o'lgsf]8nfO{ g]kfnLs/0f ug{sf nflu ls–af]8{sf nflu
klg …l;:6dÚ ljsf; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . clg,
d'Vo s'/f t, o'lgsf]8n] cIf/x¿nfO{ sDKo'6/df s;/L
/fVg] eGg] s'/f dfq atfpF5, Pp6f nfdf] ;"rLnfO{ j0ff{g'qmdcg';f/
s;/L ldnfpg] cyf{t\ sDKo'6/sf] efiffdf s;/L ;l6{ª ug]{
eGg] af/] s]xL eGb}g .
o'lgsf]8 pkof]u u/]/ g]kfnL efiffdf sDKo'6/sf]
k|of]u ;lhnf] kfg]{ dg;fon] s/La Ps jif{cl3 dbg k'/:sf/
k':tsfno -d=k'=k'=_ sf] cu|;/tfdf o; ljifodf km]l/ sfd z'?
eof] . o;k6s ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd,
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno / sDKo'6/ Pzf]l;P;g ckm g]kfn of]
sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf 5g\ . /, ca of] sfd clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf]
5 . k|fljlws ¿kdf ug'{kg]{ sfdx¿ ;a}
;lsPsf 5g\ eg] gofF k|0ffnLdf sDKo'6/ rnfpg ;lhnf] kfg{
clxn] To;sf] …Dofg'cnÚ agfOFb}5 . sDKo'6/
Pzf]l;Pzg ckm g]kfnsf] oxL df3sf] ( b]lv !$ ;Dd rNg] Sofg
OGkmf]6]s k|bz{gLdf o'lgsf]8 sDKofl6an g]kfnL b]jgfu/L l;:6d
;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . o;} a]nf Dofg'cn ljt/0f x'g]5 / sfo{zfnf
uf]i7L dfkm{t k|fljlws / sDKo'6/ Joj;foLx¿nfO{ o;;DaGwL
hfgsf/L lbOg]5 .
g]kfnL of b]jgfu/L ls–af]8{sf] l;:6d
klg ljsf; ul/O;s]sf] 5 . gofF k|0ffnL l;sfpg 6fOlkË
6\o"6/ -6fOk ug{ l;sfpg] ;ˆ6j]o/_ o;;Fu} agfOPsf]
5 . gofF k|0ffnLdf ljleGg tl/sfaf6 ;l6{ª ug{ ;lsG5
eg]/ b]vfpgsf nflu klg ;ˆ6j]o/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5Ù
h;df cfkm"n] rfx] h:tf] ;l6{ª ug{ ;lsG5 .
-;l6{ª eg]sf] sDKo'6/n] cfˆgf] cSsn nufP/ sDKo'6/
k|of]ustf{n] cx|fPcg';f/ ;"rgfnfO{ s'g} klg tl/sfn]
juL{s/0f u/L k]z ug'{ xf] ._ o;/L sDKo'6/n] g]kfnL
b]jgfu/Ldf ;l6{ª ug{ ;Sg'sf] dtna s'g} klg vfnsf] 8]6f
k|f];]l;ª ug{ ;Sg' xf] . oL ;a} ;ˆ6j]o/ ;lhn}
sDKo'6/df /fVg ;lsof];\ egL ;a}nfO{ Pp6} Kofs]hdf /fv]sf]
5 d=k'=k'=n] .
o;af/] s'/f ubf{ w]/}n] k|Zg ug]{ u5{g\,
clg o;af6 s] kmfObf eof] t < sDKo'6/df lr7L jf n]v
t 6fOk ul/Ps} lyof] . t/, a'´g'kg]{ s'/f s] xf]
eg] Pp6f pRr :t/sf] :d[lt ePsf] 6fOk/fO6/sf] ?kdf sDKo'6/nfO{
k|of]u ub}{df To;sf] pkof]u ePsf] dflgFb}g . ha;Dd,
xfdL sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u tYofÍ u0fgf / 8]6fa];sf ¿kdf
k|of]u ug{ ;Sb}gf}F, ta;Dd sDKo'6/sf] ;b'kof]u u/]sf] dfGg
;lsGg . o'lgsf]8sf] g]kfnLs/0fn] sDKo'6/ k|of]u ug{
;Sg] gofF ;Defjgfx¿ b]vfPsf] 5 . h'g ;DkGg ePkl5
k;nsf ;fx'hLx¿n] g]kfnL PsfplG6ª ;ˆ6j]o/
rnfpg yfNg]5g\ / a; kfs{df a;sf l6s6x¿ klg ljb]zdf
h:t} qmda4 ?kdf g]kfnLdf g} sf6\g ;lsg] x'G5g\ . OG6/g]6df
g]kfnL efiffsf k[i7 x]g{sf nflu k[i7} lkR5] gofF lnlk /fVg'kg]{
afWotf klg /xFb}g, / Od]n klg g]kfnLd} ;lhn};Fu ug{ ;lsG5 .
cyf{t\, sDKo'6/ rnfpg cª\u|]hL hfGg} kg]{ afWotfsf]
w]/} xb;Dd cGTo x'G5 .
8]6f k|f];]; ug{] Ifdtf ePkl5 cgluGtL kIfdf
g]kfnL ;dfh / cy{tGqnfO{ o;n] ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5 .
cj}1flgs 9Ën] ljsf; ePsf lsl;d lsl;dsf sf]l8ªn]
cfh;Dd g]kfnL b]jgfu/Ldf ;ˆ6j]o/sf] ljsf; x'g;s]sf]
lyPg . ljz]if u/L Pp6} …:6\ofG88{Ú ePkl5
ljleGg …;ˆ6j]/Ú / …PlKns]zg\Ú
agfpg k|fljlw1 / ahf/ Joj;foL klg nfUg]5g\ .
ls/fgf k;n / ;'k/dfs{]6 nufot s}og\ b'sfgx¿sf] cfh
sDKo'6/ lsGg] Ifdtf eP klg …PsfplG6ªÚ,
…:6s 6]«]lsªÚ / …ljlnªÚ
OToflbsf nflu xfn cª\u|]hLdf dfq sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
t/, sDKo'6/sf] ljleGg g]kfnL kmG6df Pp6} dfkb08 x'g] ePkl5
PsfplG6ª ;ˆ6j]o/ agfpg ca cfO{6L Joj;foLx¿
cu|;/ x'G5g\ eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og
k':tsfno, ljZjljBfno, ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfo / ;fdflhs sfo{df
nfu]sf ;+:yfx¿sf nflu klg l5§} ljz]if–ljz]if
vfnsf ;ˆ6j]o/ lgdf{0f x'g] ;+efjgf klg a9]sf] 5 .
w]/} ;Defjgfx¿sf] ;fFrf]
g]kfnLx¿n] g]kfnL efiff / lnlkd} sDKo'6/ ;fFlRrs}
rnfpg ;Sbf, b]zleq sDKo'6/sf] Jofks k|of]usf ;Defjgfx¿
v'Ng]5g\ . o; k|:tfljt u'0f:t/n] ljleGg k|sf/sf sDKo'6/aLr
g]kfnL lnlksf] cfbfgk|bfg dfq gu/L eljiodf b]vf kg]{ c¿
klg ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ 5 . o;n] ubf{ ;dosf
;fy} cfly{s art klg x'g] 5 . o;f] ug{ ;s]df cª\u|]hL
ghfGg] ax';ª\Vos g]kfnLx¿ aLr sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u
klg a9\g]5 . o;n] sDKo'6/ Joj;foL, sDKo'6/ OlG:6Ro'6,
;ˆ6j]o/ 8]e]nk/x¿nfO{ c¿ Ondsf] af6f]
t b]vfpg] g} 5 .
sDKo'6/sf] d"No 36] klg cª\u|]hL
efiff hfGg}kg{] afWotfn] ubf{ cfO6L If]qdf cfh;Dd g]kfnLx¿
aLr ju{ ljefhg sfod 5 . sDKo'6/df j}1flgs 9Ën] g]kfnL
b]jgfu/L k|of]u x'g yfn]kl5 Psflt/ of] ljefhg tf]l8g]5 eg]
csf{]tkm{ g]kfn / g]kfnLefifLx¿ aNn ;"rgfk|ljlw
-cfO6L_ sf] o'udf k|j]z u/]sf] dfGg ;lsg]5 . xfd|f
nflu of] cfkm}Fdf ;fgf] pknlAw / cj;/ xf]Og .
