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a8fdxf/fh k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] slt ;xh / ;/n 9Ën] g]kfnL hgdfg;df g]kfnsf] e"/fhgLlts l:ylt k|:6\ofpg t?n / 9'Ëf clg 9'Ëf / t?nsf] ;xcl:tTj cufl8 ;f/]5g\ Û t?n eg]kl5 ga'´g] g]kfnL sf]xL 5}gg\ xf]nf t/, tLdWo] sltn] df6f]d'lg 9'Ëfsf] Rofkf]df df]6fpFb} jf kmNb} u/]sf] t?n b]v]sf xf]nfg\, Tof] eGg ufx|f] 5 . clgsfn kbf{ lu7\7f, Eofs'/ / t?nn] Hofg kflnG5 eGg] ;'g]sf 5f}F . jghËn k;]/ tk:of ubf{ ;flTjs ef]hgsf] ¿kdf t?n g} pQd x'G5 eGg] klg k9]sf 5f}F . o;}u/L df3];ª\qmflGtsf lbg cfdfn] tfn'el/ tf]/Lsf] t]n blnlbP/ yfnel/ ltnsf n8\8", rfs'sf 6'qmf / 5]pdf t?nsf jkmfpFbf s'8\sf cufl8 /flvlbPkl5 xfd|f] ;+:s[ltn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] cg'e"lt klg u/]sf 5f}F . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] …lbJof]kb]zÚdf sf]l/Psf] t?n / df3];ª\qmflGtsf] yfndf kl:sPsf] of] t?nnfO{ g]kfnsf] jt{dfg kL9Ln] s;/L ;sfl//x]sf] 5 eGg] af/]df y'k|} k|Zgx¿ xf]nfg\, t/ cfh yfndf kl:sOg] t?nx¿af/] s'/f u/f}F, lsgeg] tL klg xfd|f ;Dkbf x'g\ . k|To]s jif{sf] df3}lkR5] b'O{6'qmf t?n rkfOlbP/ t?nk|ltsf] xfd|f] st{Jo k"/f x'Fb}g 

t?nsf hflt k|hfltdf slt ljljwtf 5, ltgdf s] s:tf u'0fx¿ x'G5g\ < ltgsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ePsf] 5 5}g < t?nsf] eljio;Fu xfd|f] eljiosf] ;fOgf] s:tf] xf]nf < cflb OToflb k|Zgk|lt klg xfd|f] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 . lsgeg] g]kfnsf] :jfjnDag g]kfns} ;Dkbfdf vf]Hg] cj;/ xfdLn] u'dfpg'x'Fb}g . xfd|f] cfˆg} of] /}yfg] vfB kbfy{ cfh pk]lIft 5 / s[lif ljsf;df o;n] s'g} 7fpF kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;f] x'g'df Psflt/ t?n ;fdflhs k|lti7fsf] vfBj:t' aGg g;Sg', u/La–lgd'vfx¿sf] vfgf egL x]o b[li6n] x]l/g' / csf{lt/ xfd|f j}1flgs cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nf klg k/d'vL eOlbg' d'Vo sf/0f x'g\ . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug{ dfq x}g ltgaf6 cfly{s nfe p7fpg klg :jb]zL sGbd"n / jghGo vfBj:t' k|lt xfd|f] cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿ cufl8 cfpg ;Sg'k5{ .

t?n, cfn' / lkF8fn' e"ldut sGbd"n x'g\ / ltgnfO{ pkef]u ug]{ tl/sf klg ;dfg 5g\ . t/ jg:kltzf:q cg';f/ cfn' / lkF8fn' lj?jfsf sf08 (stem) x'g\Ù h/f (root) xf]Ogg\ . ltgdf cfFVnf x'G5g\ / ltg} cfFVnfaf6 6';f knfpF5g\ . t/ t?n eg] d"nf, ufh/ h:t} h8d"n xf]Ù cfn'–lkF8fn'eGbf leGg hftsf] . t?nsf] lj?jf l5lkFb} uPkl5 To;sf] h/fn] vfB e08f/sf] sfd ub{5 . ToxL h/f] hldg d'lg km}nFb} hfG5, df]6fpFb} hfG5 / Tof] g} ljleGg cfsf/ / /+udf t?n aGb5 . hflt–k|hflt cg';f/ ltgsf] ?k, cfs[lt, u'0f / :jefjdf ljljwtf x'G5 . xfd|f] af]nLrfnLdf 3/jf/Ldf /f]lkg]nfO{ 3/t?n / jgaf6 vlgNofpg]nfO{ jgt?n eGb5f}F . 3/t?n klg w]/} k|hfltsf x'G5g\ / jgt?n klg . t?nsf] hlt hflt–k|hflt 5g\ Tof]eGbf w]/} ltgsf gfd 5g\ . j}1flgs gfdfs/0f cg';f/ g]kfndf !# k|hfltsf t?n 5g\, t/ :yfgLo gfd ;Íng ubf{ ;of}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf gfdfjnL tof/ x'G5 . t?nsf s]xL k|hfltnfO{ Eofs'/ klg elgG5 . logLx¿ cf}iflwljz]ifdf klg k|of]u x'G5g\ . sltko t?nsf nx/fdf lu7\7f -bfgf_ klg kmN5g\ . ltg} bfgf /f]k]df t?n pd|G5 . lu7\7f, Eofs'/, t?n ;a}sf] j}1flgs gfd 8fof]:sf]l/of (Dioscorea) xf] . ljZjel/df nueu ^)) k|hfltsf …8fof]:sf]l/ofÚ 5g\ eGg] cfFs8f 5 . of] cfwf/df ljZjsf] @=@ k|ltzt t?n–wg g]kfndf 5 .

of] wgnfO{ s;/L gub agfpg] eGg] rf;f] / lrGtf eg] ;a}n] lng' k/]sf] 5 . w]/} t?n kf]l;nf x'G5g\, s'g} cf}iflwo'Qm 5g\ / s'g}df df5f dfg]{, h'd|f, sL/f dfg]{ u'0f x'G5 . ltgsf] k|of]un] dflg;nfO{ ljif nfUb}g . t;y{ h}ljs ljifflbsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ klg ;lsG5 .

g]kfnsf] vfB cg';Gwfgzfnfn] ljz]if ¿kdf k/LIf0f u/]sf @& j6f sGbd"ndWo] 3/t?nsf] kf]if0ftTj lgs} pRr:t/sf] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] k|lt !)) u|fddf @$=)# ldlnu|fd nf]xftTj -cfO/g_ e]l6Psf] 5 . hals cfn' jf lkF8fn'df of] dfqf )=% ldlnu|fdeGbf klg yf]/} x'G5 . nf]xftTjn] xfd|f] z/L/df /utnfO{ kf]if0f lbG5 . o;sf ;fy} k|f]l6g / SoflN;od klg t?ndf w]/} 5 eGg] tYo v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . sfdf]Q]hs kmf]:km/; kbfy{ eg] t?ndf z"Go 5 / To;}n] ;flTjs ef]hgdf t?n Hofb} pQd dflgG5 .

3/t?ndf ;aeGbf a9L k|rlnt k|hflt 8fof]:sf]l/of O:s'n]G6f (D. esculenta) xf] . O:s'n]G6fsf] zflAbs cy{ Nofl6g efiffdf …vfgof]UoÚ eGg] x'G5 . of] t?nsf] u'bL ;]tf] x'G5 / o;af6 kL7f] klg agfOG5 . o;sf] nx/f b]a|] 3'D5 . bflxg] nx/f 3'Dg] csf]{ 3/t?n cn]6f (D. alata) k|hfltdf kb{5 . of] t?n 8Nnf] 8Nnf] vfnsf] x'G5 / af]qmf lrdf]6\bf /ftf] x'G5 .

o;}u/L jgt?n klg w]/} vfnsf x'G5g\ . ghfGg] / glrGg]n] k|of]u ug{'x'Fb}g . lsgeg] g/fd|f];Fu sf]Sofpg] / ljiffn' vfnsf t?n klg e]l6G5g\ . s'g} t?nsf] ljif kvfNg & lbg;Dd au]sf] kfgLdf w'g' k5{ . o:tf] 1fg :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ dfq x'G5 . g]kfndf kfOg] jgt?ndWo] ;aeGbf dL7f] dflgg] k|hflt …XofldN6f]gLÚ (D. hamilotoni) xf] . o;sf] uf]nfO PsO~r Jof;sf] dfq x'G5, t/ t?n nfdf], nfdf] x'G5 . ;g\ !*)@–!*)# ;Dd sf7df8f}Fdf a;]/ g]kfnsf] jg:klt / df5f ljifodf ljz]if cGj]if0f ug]{ klxnf] JolQm k|mflG;; XofldN6gsf] gfddf of] t?n ;dlk{t 5 . g]kfnsf] Oltxf; n]vgdf klg logL cu|h ljåfg\ x'g\ . logn] kQf nufPsf] el;{sn/ (D. versicolor) k|hfltsf] csf]{ t?n ;'jfl;nf] / :jflbnf] klg x'G5 . g]kfnL lg3G6' cg';f/ of] t?n dL7f] / 708f x'G5 . ?lr a9fpFb5 . lkQ, 8fx, bf]if / t[i0ffnfO{ x6fpFb5 . oL ;a} u'0f eP tfklg o;n] jfo' a9fpFb5 eGg] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . of] t?nsf] nx/f b]a|] 3'D5 .

cf}iflws} nflu ljz]if k|of]u x'g] s's'/t?n (D. deltoidea) ljut @%÷#) jif{sf] lgsf;L Jofkf/n] ubf{ clxn] g]kfnd} b'n{e x'g k'u]sf] 5 . of] t?naf6 k|fKt x'g] cf}iflwtTj (Diosgenin) kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] cf}iflw lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'G5 . of] t?n ;fx|f] cb'jf h:tf] x'G5 . o;sf] /+u kx]Fnf] x'G5 . o;nfO{ dl;gf h/fn] 9fs]sf x'G5g\ . ;'Fu'/sf] hu/h:t} bx|f] vfnsf] h/fn] 9flsPsf] x'gfn] o;nfO{ j/fxLsGb klg elgG5 . ufpF3/df o;nfO{ Eofs'/ jf s's'/t?n klg eGg] rng 5 .

3/t?n / jgt?nsf cltl/Qm t?nsf] cfsf/ / u'0f x]/L ljleGg gfd x'G5g\, h:t} 3f]8], e}F;], ufO{v'/], hfFt], wfO/], £ofDk] cflb . To;}u/L /+u cg';f/ /ftf], gLnf], kx]Fnf] t?n klg x'G5g\ . af]nLrfnLsf] gfd afx]s ljleGg k':ts–k'l:tsfdf t?nnfO{ cfn' eg]/ klg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] kfOG5 h:t} gLnfn', cl;tfn', s[i0ffn', Zofdnfn's, z'e|fn', rdf/ cfn', sG6sfn', s's'/ cfn' OToflb . o;}u/L ss{nfsf] ufgf]nfO{ klg lkF8fn' eGb5f}F . oL ;a} xfd|f k/Dk/fut /}yfg] sGbd"nsf gfd x'g\ t/ jt{dfgdf cfP/ cfn' eg]kl5 xfd|f] /}yfg] sGbd"n geO{ blIf0f cd]l/sfsf] cfn' (potato) eGg] a'´b5f}F . of] cltly sGbd"nnfO{ xfdLn] cfˆgf] k/Dk/fut gfd lbO;s]sf 5f}F . cfn' g]kfnleq slxn] / s;/L lelqof] To; af/] 5'§} cg';Gwfg ePsf] xf]nfÙ t/ lgZro klg >L % k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] cfn'sf] :jfb lng kfPsf lyPgg\ . lsgeg] pgsf] hLjgsfndf g]kfndf cfn'sf] k|j]z ePsf] b]lvFb}g . To;}n] pgsf] pkb]zdf t?nn] g} k|wfgtf kfof] . t?nsf] ljz]if klxrfg eGg' g} kf}li6s v'/fsn] el/k"0f{ sGbd"n tyf lrNnf]kft] t? xf] . h'g t?nsf] nx/f bflxg]af6 3'D5 To;n] b]a|] 3'Dg dfGb}g / h;n] b]a|] 3'D5 To;n] bflxg] 3'Dg hfGb}g . of] t?n jg:kltsf] ljz]iftf xf] . o; pkof]uL jg:kltnfO{ lt/:sf/ gu/L o;sf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g, pkof]u / ljsf;df ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg ;sf}F . o; jif{sf] df3];ª\qmflGtn] xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ oxL r]tgf k|bfg u/f];\ .