k'glg{df{0f n'lDagLsf]
jiff}{Fb]lv ckx]lnt / pk]lIft :df/sIf]qsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] a'4sf] hGd:yn n'lDagLdf aNn s]xL rxnkxn b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . !) jif{cl3 pTvggsf] nflu eTsfOPsf] dfofb]jLsf] dlGb/ k'glg{df{0f ug]{ sfd o'4:t/df eO/x]sf] 5 . of] sfdsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]if / l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg OlGhlgol/Ë cWoog ;+:yfgsf cfls{6]S6 / OlGhlgo/x¿sf] 6f]nL /ftf]lbg vl6/x]sf 5g\ . n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf pkfWoIf cf]dsf/ uf}rg sldh ;'?jfn nufP/ h]7 dlxgfsf] 3fdaf6 hf]lug 5ftf cf]9\b} a/f]a/ lgdf{0f:ynsf] lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf b]lvG5g\ . a'4hoGtL -!@ h]7_ ;Dddf …gofFÚ dfofb]jL dlGb/sf] s/La PsltxfO{ sfd / dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{ /xg] v08sf] lgdf{0f k"/f eO;s]sf] 5 .
a'4hoGtLs} lbg dlGb/df d"lt{ k|lt:yfkg ;d]t ul/of] . dlGb/ kl/;/sf] pTvggdf e]l6Psf] dfofb]jLn] a'4nfO{ hGd lbPsf] 7fpF k'li6 ug]{ lrgf]sf] ¿kdf /flvPsf] lznf lrXg -dfs{/ :6f]g_ klg b]lvg] u/L ejgsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f k"/f ePkl5 pTvggsf a]nf km]nf k/]sf lznf lrXgnufot O{;fk"j{ t];|f] ztfAbLsf k'/ftflTjs dxŒjsf eUgfjz]ifx¿ klg oxLF leq} /xg]5g\ . oxL ultn] sfd x'Fb}uof] eg] a'4sf] hGd ePsf] 7fpF / dfofb]jLsf] dlGb/ ca s]xL dlxgfd} eQmhg / ko{6ssf nflu v'nf x'g]5 .
ljutsf bzsx¿df n'lDagLsf] nflu s]xL ul/Pg eGg ;lsg] cfwf/x¿ k|z:t} 5g\ . To;sf nflu sf7df8f}Fsf] kf6L{–s]lGb|t /fhgLlts ;+:yfkg, s'g} rf;f] g/fVg] sd{rf/LtGq / n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifdf cfˆgf] lgoGq0f hdfpg ;ª\3if{/t ljleGg u"6, pku"6df afFl8Psf a'4dfuL{ ;d"xx¿ g} k|d'v ;d:of ag]sf lyP . sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf dfq geO{ kxf8L / lxdfnL e]usf af}4 ;Dk|bfox¿sf] klg tfgftfgsf] ynf] aGg k'u]sf] n'lDagLdf :yfgLo t/fO{nL d';ndfgx¿sf] c;Gtf]if klg ylkPsf] 5, hf] cfkm"nfO{ n'lDagLsf] ko{6sLo / wfld{s ;DefjgfnfO{ ehfpg]x¿sf] xf]8bf}8af6 aflx/ /x]sf] cg'ej ub{5g\ . n'lDagLdf jif{g] 8n/–o]gsf] cfzf / o:tf] pb\ud:yndfly lgoGq0f ubf{ k|fKt x'g] zlQmn] klg w]/}nfO{ n'lDagLsf] xf]8afhLdf ;+nUg x'g 8f]¥ofof] . To;afx]s bftfx¿sf] pkl:yltn] klg pNn]vgLo k|efj kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 oxfF . of] If]q n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] clwsf/ If]qdf kg]{ eP klg ;g\ !((& df o'g]:sf]n] n'lDagL au}FrfnfO{ …ljZj ;Dkbf:ynÚ 3f]if0ff u/]sf]n] of] o'g]:sf]sf] /]vb]v cGtu{t klg /xg yfn]sf] 5 . n'lDagL ljsf; sf]if rflxF a]nfavt cfpg] w]/yf]/ ;xof]usf] sf/0f hfkfgL af}4 dxf;+3nfO{ cfˆgf] PSnf] ;+/Ifsh:tf] 7fGb} To;k|lt a9L g} nlrnf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
hfkfg af}4 dxf;+3 / o'g]:sf]s} jl/kl/ ?dlNnPsf sf]ifsf ;~rfnsx¿ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] d'Vofno, Go"of]s{df …OG6/g]zgn sld6L km/ lb l8e]nkd]G6 ckm n'lDagLÚ elgg] n'lDagLs} ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf] nflu k|lta4 Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt 5 eGg] s'/faf6 klg a]va/ /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !(^& df n'lDagLdf k'uL ToxfFsf] b'b{zf b]v]/ cfF;' v;fNg] /fi6« ;+3sf e"tk"j{ dxf;lrj :juL{o p yfGtsf] cu|;/tfdf :yflkt of] ;ldlt n'lDagLsf] ljsf;sf] nflu sf]if ;Íng ug{ / o;k|lt cGt/f{li6«o If]qsf] Wofg cfslif{t ug{ v8f ul/Psf] lyof] . t/, sf7df8f}Fsf xflsd ju{sf] a]jf:tfn] ubf{ Ps bzseGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv /fi6«;+3Lo ;ldlt d[tk|foM 5 . lxhf]cfh t ;ldltsf] gfd /fi6«;+3sf] j]a;fO6af6 klg x/fPsf] 5 . /, /fi6«;+3l:yt g]kfnsf] :yfoL lgof]u pQm ;ldltnfO{ Ao'Ftfpg k6Ss} OR5's b]lvFb}g .
To;f] eP o;aLr To:tf] s] kl/jt{g eof], h;n] ubf{ dfofb]jLsf] dlGb/ k'glg{df{0f x'g yfNof] t eGg] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . n'lDagLdf cs:dft\ lgdf{0f ultljlwx¿ a9\g'sf] k5fl8 tLg kIf 5g\M Pp6f, …s]xL ug{ vf]Hg]Ú ;+:s[lt tyf ko{6g dGqL anaxfb'/ s];L, hf] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf kb]g cWoIf klg x'g\Ù csf]{, dGqLsf] k"/f ;dy{g kfPsf, af}4 ;d'bfox¿df ljBdfg ljleGg u"6 pku"6eGbf dfly /x]sf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf cf]dsf/k|;fb uf}rgsf] gofF / k|lta4 g]t[TjÙ /, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, Ol~hlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgsf cfls{6]S6 / Ol~hlgo/x¿sf] ;xof]u, h;n] dlGb/sf] l8hfOg / ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ cleef/f cfˆgf] sfFwdf lnP . Ol~hlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfg 6f]nLsf] g]t[Tj ;+:yfgsf 8Lg, ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] of]s{ ljZjljBfnosf kLPr8L, sGhe]{;g cfls{6]S6 hLj/fh kf]v/]nn] u/]sf 5g\ . pgnfO{ ;+:yfgsf] jl/i7 ˆofsN6Ln] ;fy lbPsf] 5, h;df ;'bz{g/fh ltjf/L, ;'wf >]i7 / k|]dgfy df:s] cflb 5g\ . df:s]sf] ljz]if lhDdf rflxF dlGb/sf] leqkl§ n's]/ /xg] ljzfn l:6n ;+/rgfsf] /fd|/L lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] .
cfhsf] …n'lDagL uf8]{gÚ df ;d|f6 czf]sn] O{;fk"j{ t];|f] ztfAbLdf a'4sf] hGd:yn eg]/ lrgfpg] Pp6f 9'Ëfsf] :tDe /fVg nufPsf lyP . kfFrf}F / cf7f}F ztfAbLsf lrlgofF ofqLx¿ kmf lxo]g / lxo"g zfªn] ljleGg :df/sx¿ ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 7fpF xf] of] . pklgj]zsfnLg ef/tsf k'/ftTjljb\x¿n] ;g\ !*() sf] bzsdf oxL czf]s :tDe km]nf kf/]sf / /f0ffx¿dWo]df ljåfg\ dflgPsf s]z/ zdz]/n] ;g\ !(#( df dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{ /x]sf] l9:sf]nfO{ 5f]Kg] u/L OF§fsf] rf/s'g] Kn]6kmd{ agfpg nufPsf lyP . ^) jif{otf dflg;x¿sf] dl:tisdf l;4fy{ uf}td hGd]sf] 7fpF eg]s} ;]tf] /+usf] l8Aaf cfsf/sf] oxL dlGb/ x'guof] . Ps 5]pdf kl5 Pp6f lkknsf] ¿v pld|P/ ´oflËb} uof] . czf]s :tDesf] cln cufl8, 5]pkl§ /x]sf] Tof] l8Aaf g} dfofb]jL dlGb/ / To;nfO{ ‰08} ‰08} 9fSg k'u]sf] lkknsf] ¿vn] nfdf] ;dob]lv a'4sf] hGd:ynsf] ¿kdf k|tLsfTds dfGotf kfO/x]sf] lyof] .
;g\ !((@ df n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifn] hfkfgL af}4 dxf;+3nfO{ k'/ftflTjs pTvgg ug{ lbPkl5 of] 7fpF zfSod'lg l;4fy{ uf}tdsf] hGd;Fu ;DalGwt tLy{:ynaf6 k'/ftflTjs pTvgg :yndf kl/0ft eof] . lkknsf] af]6n] 9fSg nfu]sf] ^) jif{ k'/fgf] dfofb]jL dlGb/sf] ;]tf] l8Aaf h:tf] ;+/rgf eTsfP/ To;d'lg pTvgg sfo{ yflnFbf nfu]sf] lyof]– n'lDagLsf] kljqtf gi6 eof], ca s]xL afFsL /x]g . ;g\ !((^ df pTvgg ;lsPkl5 klg km]nf k/]sf a:t'x¿nfO{ 6Lg / lqkfnn] 5f]k]/ /flvof] / ;f] kljq:yn hgtfsf] nflu v'nf ul/Pg .
pTvgg ;lsPkl5 To; 7fpFdf s] ug]{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ ljleGg /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o v]nf8Lx¿aLr tfgftfgL dlRrof] . o; qmddf k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbf:ynx¿sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL o'g]:sf] dfu{bz{gnfO{ klg ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ lyof] . s]xLn] k|fy{gf xn agfpg] k|:tfj u/] eg] c¿n] leq vf]qmf] ePsf] ljzfn :t'k agfpg] s'/f cl3 ;f/] . c¿ s]xLn] …g]kfnLÚ z}nLsf] ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ rfxgf JoQm u/] eg] s]xLn] df}o{sfnLg dlGb/ agfpg] ;Nnfx lbP . cGTodf OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgn] k]z u/]sf] klxn]s} -s]z/ zdz]/sf]_ h:tf] 9fFrfsf] k|f?knfO{ k'gd"{NofÍg u/L ;b/ ul/of] .
;+:yfgsf] 6f]nLsf ;fd' ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL ejgsf] nflu Pp6f pko'Qm l8hfOgsf] kl/sNkgf ug'{lyof] tfls To;leq ;g\ !((@ df pTvggsf] a]nf ;'/Iffsf] nflu x6fOPsf] dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{ klxn]s} kljq :yndf k|lt:yfkg ug{ / pTvggsf] qmddf km]nf kfl/Psf k'/ftflTjs j:t'x¿nfO{ k|bz{g u/]/ /fVg ;lsof];\ . s]z/ zdz]/n] agfpg nufPsf] eGbf klxn] ToxfFsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+/rgf s:tf] b]lvGYof] eGg] yfxf gePsf] x'gfn] ;'Gb/tfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] Tolt /fd|f] geP klg hgtfsf] efjgf / :d[lt ufFl;Psf] ToxL ;+/rgf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o lnOof] . ejgsf] leqL efu k'/ftflTjs a:t'x¿ k|bz{gsf nflu /fVg / tLy{ofqL Pj+ ko{6sx¿nfO{ k|j]z lbg ;lsg] u/L lgdf{0f ug]{ to eof] . ;Dkbf:ynsf] jf:t'snf;DaGwL l;4fGt cg';f/ ;a} ;+/rgfx¿ k'/ftflTjs :ynnfO{ s'g} xflg–gf]S;fgL gk'¥ofO{ x6fpg ;lsg] u/L lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ t 5Fb}lyof] . æs'g} lbg s;}nfO{ k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbf /x]sf] of] 7fpFdf c‰ /fd|f] s]xL ug]{ ljrf/ cfpg ;S5 . To;}n] xfdLn] oxfF ePsf k'/ftflTjs dxŒjsf j:t'x¿nfO{ s'g} xflg gx'g] u/L of] ejg oxfFaf6 x6fpg ;lsg] u/L l8hfOg u/]sf 5f}FÆ, cfls{6]S6 hLj/fh kf]v/]n atfpF5g\ .
dlGb/sf] lgdf{0fdf l:6n u8{/ k|of]u ul/Psf] sf/0f ejgdf lkn/ 5}gg\, h;n] ubf{ cfuGt'sx¿n] dlGb/leq k:g]ljlQs} pTvgg ul/Psf eUgfjz]if, lznf lrXg / dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{ ;a} b]Vg kfpg] 5g\ . l8hfOg 6f]nLn] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] Pp6f k|d'v r'gf}tL ;Dkbf:ynsf] k'/ftflTjs cv08tf glaufl/sg Tolt ljzfn l:6n k|]mdsf] ef/ yfDg ;Sg] dha"t hu s;/L agfpg] eGg] lyof] . t/, dlGb/ jl/kl/ k'/ftTjljb\x¿n] pTvggsf a]nf cGj]if0fsf] nflu vg]sf] vf]N;f] kQf nfUof] h;n] ubf{ cfls{6]S6sf] sfd ;lhnf] x'guof] . oxL vf]N;fnfO{ husf] ¿kdf lnOof] / oxLF /x]sf ;Q/Lx¿n] l:6n k|m]dsf] ef/ lng] eP . Toltn] dfq t k'Ub}gYof], c‰} ulx/f] hu klg rflxGYof], t/ vGg of l;d]06÷s+lqm6 xfNg o'g]:sf]sf] ;Dkbf:yn ;DaGwL lgodn] lbPg . of] ;d:of kf/ ug{ ;fnsf #) kmL6 nfdf vDaf uf8\g 7Ls kfl/of] . sf7 7f]s]/ uf8\bf jl/kl/ k'/ftflTjs eUgfjz]ifdf w]/} sDkg k}bf x'g] x'gfn] k6gfaf6 …jdf{jfnfÚ ld:qL af]nfP/ jdf{sf] k|of]u u/L vDaf ufl8P .
!* jif{b]lv n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf k|d'v k'/ftTjljb\ /x]sf j;Gt lj8f/L oxfF eO/x]sf] sfdaf6 ;Gt'i6 ePsf] atfpF5g\ . 6Lgsf] 5xf/Ln] 9fs]/ /flvPsf] a'4sf] hGd:ynsf] /vjf/L ug]{ ckh;] sfd ul//xg' kbf{ lbSs ePsf lj8f/L kl/of]hgfsf ljz]iftfsf] j0f{g ub}{ eG5g\, ækl/of]hgfdf o'g]:sf]sf] dfu{bz{g canDag ul/Psf], g]kfnLx¿sf] efjgf / :d[ltsf] sb/ ul/Psf] / ;Dkbf:ynsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu lgwf{l/t jf:t'snfsf dfGotfx¿nfO{ kfngf ul/Psf] 5 .Æ
cfof]hgfsf] s'n lgdf{0f nfut ?=& s/f]8 5 . n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifn] ?=# s/f]8 nufpg] ePsf] 5 eg] afFsL ;/sf/n] xfNg'kg]{5 . pkfWoIf uf}rgsf cg';f/, k};f lbg] jrg k|fKt ePsf] 5, t/ :jLs[t eO;s]sf] rflxF 5}g . æg]kfn a'4sf] hGd:yn ePsf]df xfdL hlt uj{ u5f}{F, pgsf] hGd:ynk|lt xfd|f] :g]x rflxF Hofb} sd /x]5,Æ uf}rg eG5g\ .
n'lDagL c‰} klg ljleGg ;d"x / u"6–pku"6sf] lvrftfgLdf kg{ ;S5 . sf7df8f}Fdf x'g] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gn] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] sfo{sf/L g]t[Tjdf ;Lw} k|efj kfg]{ u5{ . ;]K6]Da/ ;g\ @))) b]lv 8]9 jif{otf n'lDagLdfly clwsf/ ePsf ;ft hgf ko{6g tyf ;+:s[lt dGqLsf] km]/abn eO;Sof] . ;g\ !(() otfsf !@ jif{df xfn uf}rg axfn /x]sf pkfWoIfsf] kbdf kfFr hgf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;a}n] tf]lsPsf] kfFr jif{ k"/f ug{ kfPsf eP lgZro g} s]xL g s]xL uxlsnf] sfd ug]{ lyP xf]nfg\, t/ n'lDagL ;w}F /fhgLlt1x¿sf] km"6an aGg k'Uof] . wd{ / /fhgLltsf] cb[Zo qmL8f:yn aGg k'u]sf] n'lDagL ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/n] …cfˆgf]Ú 7fGg ;Sg] kljq cfWoflTds :yn klg aGg ;SYof] . c‰} klg To:tf] agfpg ;lsG5 .
hGd:yn If]qdf eO/x]sf sfdn] n'lDagLsf] dxQfnfO{ a'´g yflnP5 eGg] ;Í]t rflxF lbPsf 5g\ . of] ;Í]t ;xL xf] eg] hfkfgL cfls{6]S6 s]Ghf] 6f+u]n] ;g\ !(&% df tof/ kf/]sf n'lDagL u'?of]hgf sfof{Gjog x'g]
cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . cf]dsf/ uf}rg eg] of] sfd ug{ OR5's 5g\, / eG5g\, æx]b}{ hfpF hlt;Dd sfd ug{ kfOG5, Tolt;Dd sfd ub}{ hfg] xf] .Æ