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k'glg{df{0f
n'lDagLsf]
jiff}{Fb]lv ckx]lnt / pk]lIft :df/sIf]qsf] ¿kdf /x]sf]
a'4sf] hGd:yn n'lDagLdf aNn s]xL rxnkxn b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .
!) jif{cl3 pTvggsf] nflu eTsfOPsf] dfofb]jLsf] dlGb/ k'glg{df{0f
ug]{ sfd o'4:t/df eO/x]sf] 5 . of] sfdsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf]
n'lDagL ljsf; sf]if / l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg OlGhlgol/Ë
cWoog ;+:yfgsf cfls{6]S6 / OlGhlgo/x¿sf] 6f]nL /ftf]lbg
vl6/x]sf 5g\ . n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf pkfWoIf cf]dsf/
uf}rg sldh ;'?jfn nufP/ h]7 dlxgfsf] 3fdaf6 hf]lug 5ftf cf]9\b}
a/f]a/ lgdf{0f:ynsf] lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf b]lvG5g\ . a'4hoGtL
-!@ h]7_ ;Dddf
gofFÚ dfofb]jL dlGb/sf] s/La PsltxfO{
sfd / dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{ /xg] v08sf] lgdf{0f k"/f
eO;s]sf] 5 .
a'4hoGtLs} lbg dlGb/df d"lt{ k|lt:yfkg ;d]t ul/of] .
dlGb/ kl/;/sf] pTvggdf e]l6Psf] dfofb]jLn] a'4nfO{ hGd lbPsf]
7fpF k'li6 ug]{ lrgf]sf] ¿kdf /flvPsf] lznf lrXg -dfs{/
:6f]g_ klg b]lvg] u/L ejgsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . dlGb/sf]
lgdf{0f k"/f ePkl5 pTvggsf a]nf km]nf k/]sf lznf lrXgnufot
O{;fk"j{ t];|f] ztfAbLsf k'/ftflTjs dxjsf eUgfjz]ifx¿
klg oxLF leq} /xg]5g\ . oxL ultn] sfd x'Fb}uof] eg] a'4sf]
hGd ePsf] 7fpF / dfofb]jLsf] dlGb/ ca s]xL dlxgfd} eQmhg /
ko{6ssf nflu v'nf x'g]5 .
ljutsf bzsx¿df n'lDagLsf] nflu s]xL ul/Pg eGg ;lsg]
cfwf/x¿ k|z:t} 5g\ . To;sf nflu sf7df8f}Fsf] kf6L{s]lGb|t
/fhgLlts ;+:yfkg, s'g} rf;f] g/fVg] sd{rf/LtGq / n'lDagL ljsf;
sf]ifdf cfgf] lgoGq0f hdfpg ;ª\3if{/t ljleGg u"6,
pku"6df afFl8Psf a'4dfuL{ ;d"xx¿ g} k|d'v
;d:of ag]sf lyP . sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf dfq geO{ kxf8L /
lxdfnL e]usf af}4 ;Dk|bfox¿sf] klg tfgftfgsf] ynf]
aGg k'u]sf] n'lDagLdf :yfgLo t/fO{nL d';ndfgx¿sf] c;Gtf]if
klg ylkPsf] 5, hf] cfkm"nfO{ n'lDagLsf] ko{6sLo / wfld{s
;DefjgfnfO{ ehfpg]x¿sf] xf]8bf}8af6 aflx/ /x]sf] cg'ej
ub{5g\ . n'lDagLdf jif{g] 8n/o]gsf] cfzf / o:tf]
pb\ud:yndfly lgoGq0f ubf{ k|fKt x'g] zlQmn] klg w]/}nfO{ n'lDagLsf]
xf]8afhLdf ;+nUg x'g 8f]¥ofof] . To;afx]s bftfx¿sf]
pkl:yltn] klg pNn]vgLo k|efj kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 oxfF . of]
If]q n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] clwsf/ If]qdf kg]{ eP klg ;g\
!((& df o'g]:sf]n] n'lDagL au}FrfnfO{
ljZj ;Dkbf:ynÚ
3f]if0ff u/]sf]n] of] o'g]:sf]sf] /]vb]v cGtu{t klg /xg yfn]sf]
5 . n'lDagL ljsf; sf]if rflxF a]nfavt cfpg] w]/yf]/ ;xof]usf]
sf/0f hfkfgL af}4 dxf;+3nfO{ cfgf] PSnf] ;+/Ifsh:tf]
7fGb} To;k|lt a9L g} nlrnf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
hfkfg af}4 dxf;+3 / o'g]:sf]s} jl/kl/ ?dlNnPsf sf]ifsf ;~rfnsx¿
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] d'Vofno, Go"of]s{df
OG6/g]zgn
sld6L km/ lb l8e]nkd]G6 ckm n'lDagLÚ elgg] n'lDagLs}
;+/If0f / ljsf;sf] nflu k|lta4 Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt
5 eGg] s'/faf6 klg a]va/ /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !(^&
df n'lDagLdf k'uL ToxfFsf] b'b{zf b]v]/ cfF;' v;fNg] /fi6«
;+3sf e"tk"j{ dxf;lrj :juL{o p yfGtsf] cu|;/tfdf
:yflkt of] ;ldlt n'lDagLsf] ljsf;sf] nflu sf]if ;Íng
ug{ / o;k|lt cGt/f{li6«o If]qsf] Wofg cfslif{t ug{ v8f
ul/Psf] lyof] . t/, sf7df8f}Fsf xflsd ju{sf] a]jf:tfn]
ubf{ Ps bzseGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv /fi6«;+3Lo ;ldlt d[tk|foM
5 . lxhf]cfh t ;ldltsf] gfd /fi6«;+3sf] j]a;fO6af6
klg x/fPsf] 5 . /, /fi6«;+3l:yt g]kfnsf] :yfoL
lgof]u pQm ;ldltnfO{ Ao'Ftfpg k6Ss} OR5's b]lvFb}g .
To;f] eP o;aLr To:tf] s] kl/jt{g eof], h;n] ubf{ dfofb]jLsf]
dlGb/ k'glg{df{0f x'g yfNof] t eGg] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . n'lDagLdf
cs:dft\ lgdf{0f ultljlwx¿ a9\g'sf] k5fl8 tLg kIf 5g\M
Pp6f,
s]xL ug{ vf]Hg]Ú ;+:s[lt tyf ko{6g dGqL
anaxfb'/ s];L, hf] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf kb]g cWoIf klg x'g\Ù
csf]{, dGqLsf] k"/f ;dy{g kfPsf, af}4 ;d'bfox¿df
ljBdfg ljleGg u"6 pku"6eGbf dfly /x]sf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf
cf]dsf/k|;fb uf}rgsf] gofF / k|lta4 g]t[TjÙ /, lqe'jg
ljZjljBfno, Ol~hlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgsf cfls{6]S6 / Ol~hlgo/x¿sf]
;xof]u, h;n] dlGb/sf] l8hfOg / ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ cleef/f
cfgf] sfFwdf lnP . Ol~hlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfg
6f]nLsf] g]t[Tj ;+:yfgsf 8Lg, ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] of]s{ ljZjljBfnosf
kLPr8L, sGhe]{;g cfls{6]S6 hLj/fh kf]v/]nn] u/]sf 5g\ .
pgnfO{ ;+:yfgsf] jl/i7 ofsN6Ln] ;fy lbPsf] 5, h;df ;'bz{g/fh
ltjf/L, ;'wf >]i7 / k|]dgfy df:s] cflb 5g\ . df:s]sf]
ljz]if lhDdf rflxF dlGb/sf] leqkl§ n's]/ /xg] ljzfn l:6n
;+/rgfsf] /fd|/L lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] .
cfhsf]
n'lDagL uf8]{gÚ df ;d|f6 czf]sn] O{;fk"j{
t];|f] ztfAbLdf a'4sf] hGd:yn eg]/ lrgfpg] Pp6f 9'Ëfsf]
:tDe /fVg nufPsf lyP . kfFrf}F / cf7f}F ztfAbLsf lrlgofF
ofqLx¿ kmf lxo]g / lxo"g zfªn] ljleGg :df/sx¿
ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 7fpF xf] of] . pklgj]zsfnLg ef/tsf
k'/ftTjljb\x¿n] ;g\ !*() sf] bzsdf oxL czf]s :tDe km]nf
kf/]sf / /f0ffx¿dWo]df ljåfg\ dflgPsf s]z/
zdz]/n] ;g\ !(#( df dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{ /x]sf] l9:sf]nfO{
5f]Kg] u/L OF§fsf] rf/s'g] Kn]6kmd{ agfpg nufPsf lyP .
^) jif{otf dflg;x¿sf] dl:tisdf l;4fy{ uf}td hGd]sf]
7fpF eg]s} ;]tf] /+usf] l8Aaf cfsf/sf] oxL dlGb/ x'guof] .
Ps 5]pdf kl5 Pp6f lkknsf] ¿v pld|P/ ´oflËb}
uof] . czf]s :tDesf] cln cufl8, 5]pkl§ /x]sf] Tof]
l8Aaf g} dfofb]jL dlGb/ / To;nfO{ 08} 08} 9fSg
k'u]sf] lkknsf] ¿vn] nfdf] ;dob]lv a'4sf] hGd:ynsf]
¿kdf k|tLsfTds dfGotf kfO/x]sf] lyof] .
;g\ !((@ df n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifn] hfkfgL af}4 dxf;+3nfO{ k'/ftflTjs
pTvgg ug{ lbPkl5 of] 7fpF zfSod'lg l;4fy{ uf}tdsf] hGd;Fu
;DalGwt tLy{:ynaf6 k'/ftflTjs pTvgg :yndf kl/0ft eof] .
lkknsf] af]6n] 9fSg nfu]sf] ^) jif{ k'/fgf] dfofb]jL dlGb/sf]
;]tf] l8Aaf h:tf] ;+/rgf eTsfP/ To;d'lg pTvgg sfo{ yflnFbf
nfu]sf] lyof] n'lDagLsf] kljqtf gi6 eof], ca s]xL afFsL
/x]g . ;g\ !((^ df pTvgg ;lsPkl5 klg km]nf k/]sf a:t'x¿nfO{
6Lg / lqkfnn] 5f]k]/ /flvof] / ;f] kljq:yn hgtfsf] nflu v'nf
ul/Pg .
pTvgg ;lsPkl5 To; 7fpFdf s] ug]{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ ljleGg
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o v]nf8Lx¿aLr tfgftfgL
dlRrof] . o; qmddf k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbf:ynx¿sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL
o'g]:sf] dfu{bz{gnfO{ klg ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ lyof] .
s]xLn] k|fy{gf xn agfpg] k|:tfj u/] eg] c¿n] leq vf]qmf]
ePsf] ljzfn :t'k agfpg] s'/f cl3 ;f/] . c¿ s]xLn]
g]kfnLÚ z}nLsf] ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ rfxgf JoQm u/]
eg] s]xLn] df}o{sfnLg dlGb/ agfpg] ;Nnfx lbP . cGTodf
OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgn] k]z u/]sf] klxn]s} -s]z/ zdz]/sf]_
h:tf] 9fFrfsf] k|f?knfO{ k'gd"{NofÍg u/L ;b/ ul/of] .
;+:yfgsf] 6f]nLsf ;fd' ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL ejgsf] nflu
Pp6f pko'Qm l8hfOgsf] kl/sNkgf ug'{lyof] tfls To;leq ;g\ !((@
df pTvggsf] a]nf ;'/Iffsf] nflu x6fOPsf] dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{
klxn]s} kljq :yndf k|lt:yfkg ug{ / pTvggsf] qmddf km]nf kfl/Psf
k'/ftflTjs j:t'x¿nfO{ k|bz{g u/]/ /fVg ;lsof];\ .
s]z/ zdz]/n] agfpg nufPsf] eGbf klxn] ToxfFsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+/rgf
s:tf] b]lvGYof] eGg] yfxf gePsf] x'gfn] ;'Gb/tfsf] b[li6sf]0fn]
Tolt /fd|f] geP klg hgtfsf] efjgf / :d[lt ufFl;Psf] ToxL ;+/rgf;Fu
ldNbf]h'Nbf] dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o lnOof] . ejgsf]
leqL efu k'/ftflTjs a:t'x¿ k|bz{gsf nflu /fVg / tLy{ofqL
Pj+ ko{6sx¿nfO{ k|j]z lbg ;lsg] u/L lgdf{0f ug]{ to
eof] . ;Dkbf:ynsf] jf:t'snf;DaGwL l;4fGt cg';f/ ;a} ;+/rgfx¿
k'/ftflTjs :ynnfO{ s'g} xflggf]S;fgL gk'¥ofO{ x6fpg
;lsg] u/L lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ t 5Fb}lyof] . æs'g}
lbg s;}nfO{ k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbf /x]sf] of] 7fpFdf c /fd|f]
s]xL ug]{ ljrf/ cfpg ;S5 . To;}n] xfdLn] oxfF ePsf k'/ftflTjs
dxjsf j:t'x¿nfO{ s'g} xflg gx'g] u/L of] ejg
oxfFaf6 x6fpg ;lsg] u/L l8hfOg u/]sf 5f}FÆ, cfls{6]S6
hLj/fh kf]v/]n atfpF5g\ .
dlGb/sf] lgdf{0fdf l:6n u8{/ k|of]u ul/Psf] sf/0f ejgdf lkn/
5}gg\, h;n] ubf{ cfuGt'sx¿n] dlGb/leq k:g]ljlQs} pTvgg
ul/Psf eUgfjz]if, lznf lrXg / dfofb]jLsf] d"lt{ ;a} b]Vg
kfpg] 5g\ . l8hfOg 6f]nLn] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] Pp6f k|d'v
r'gf}tL ;Dkbf:ynsf] k'/ftflTjs cv08tf glaufl/sg Tolt ljzfn
l:6n k|]mdsf] ef/ yfDg ;Sg] dha"t hu s;/L agfpg] eGg]
lyof] . t/, dlGb/ jl/kl/ k'/ftTjljb\x¿n] pTvggsf
a]nf cGj]if0fsf] nflu vg]sf] vf]N;f] kQf nfUof] h;n] ubf{
cfls{6]S6sf] sfd ;lhnf] x'guof] . oxL vf]N;fnfO{ husf]
¿kdf lnOof] / oxLF /x]sf ;Q/Lx¿n] l:6n k|m]dsf]
ef/ lng] eP . Toltn] dfq t k'Ub}gYof], c} ulx/f]
hu klg rflxGYof], t/ vGg of l;d]06÷s+lqm6 xfNg o'g]:sf]sf]
;Dkbf:yn ;DaGwL lgodn] lbPg . of] ;d:of kf/ ug{ ;fnsf
#) kmL6 nfdf vDaf uf8\g 7Ls kfl/of] . sf7 7f]s]/ uf8\bf
jl/kl/ k'/ftflTjs eUgfjz]ifdf w]/} sDkg k}bf x'g] x'gfn] k6gfaf6
jdf{jfnfÚ ld:qL af]nfP/ jdf{sf] k|of]u u/L vDaf
ufl8P .
!* jif{b]lv n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf k|d'v k'/ftTjljb\ /x]sf
j;Gt lj8f/L oxfF eO/x]sf] sfdaf6 ;Gt'i6 ePsf] atfpF5g\ .
6Lgsf] 5xf/Ln] 9fs]/ /flvPsf] a'4sf] hGd:ynsf] /vjf/L ug]{
ckh;] sfd ul//xg' kbf{ lbSs ePsf lj8f/L kl/of]hgfsf ljz]iftfsf]
j0f{g ub}{ eG5g\, ækl/of]hgfdf o'g]:sf]sf] dfu{bz{g
canDag ul/Psf], g]kfnLx¿sf] efjgf / :d[ltsf] sb/ ul/Psf]
/ ;Dkbf:ynsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu lgwf{l/t jf:t'snfsf dfGotfx¿nfO{
kfngf ul/Psf] 5 .Æ
cfof]hgfsf] s'n lgdf{0f nfut ?=& s/f]8 5 . n'lDagL
ljsf; sf]ifn] ?=# s/f]8 nufpg] ePsf] 5 eg] afFsL ;/sf/n] xfNg'kg]{5 .
pkfWoIf uf}rgsf cg';f/, k};f lbg] jrg k|fKt ePsf] 5, t/ :jLs[t
eO;s]sf] rflxF 5}g . æg]kfn a'4sf] hGd:yn ePsf]df
xfdL hlt uj{ u5f}{F, pgsf] hGd:ynk|lt xfd|f] :g]x rflxF Hofb}
sd /x]5,Æ uf}rg eG5g\ .
n'lDagL c} klg ljleGg ;d"x / u"6pku"6sf]
lvrftfgLdf kg{ ;S5 . sf7df8f}Fdf x'g] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gn]
n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] sfo{sf/L g]t[Tjdf ;Lw} k|efj kfg]{
u5{ . ;]K6]Da/ ;g\ @))) b]lv 8]9 jif{otf n'lDagLdfly
clwsf/ ePsf ;ft hgf ko{6g tyf ;+:s[lt dGqLsf] km]/abn eO;Sof] .
;g\ !(() otfsf !@ jif{df xfn uf}rg axfn /x]sf pkfWoIfsf] kbdf
kfFr hgf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;a}n] tf]lsPsf]
kfFr jif{ k"/f ug{ kfPsf eP lgZro g} s]xL g s]xL uxlsnf]
sfd ug]{ lyP xf]nfg\, t/ n'lDagL ;w}F /fhgLlt1x¿sf]
km"6an aGg k'Uof] . wd{ / /fhgLltsf] cb[Zo qmL8f:yn
aGg k'u]sf] n'lDagL ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/n]
cfgf]Ú
7fGg ;Sg] kljq cfWoflTds :yn klg aGg ;SYof] . c}
klg To:tf] agfpg ;lsG5 .
hGd:yn If]qdf eO/x]sf sfdn] n'lDagLsf] dxQfnfO{ a'´g
yflnP5 eGg] ;Í]t rflxF lbPsf 5g\ . of] ;Í]t
;xL xf] eg] hfkfgL cfls{6]S6 s]Ghf] 6f+u]n] ;g\ !(&% df
tof/ kf/]sf n'lDagL u'?of]hgf sfof{Gjog x'g]
cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . cf]dsf/ uf}rg eg] of] sfd ug{ OR5's
5g\, / eG5g\, æx]b}{ hfpF hlt;Dd sfd ug{ kfOG5, Tolt;Dd
sfd ub}{ hfg] xf] .Æ
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