!^ jif{ gk'Ub} dBkfg

dflysf tYox¿n] tGg]/Lx¿df‰ dlb/f ;]jg ;fdfGo s'/f ePsf] k|:6 u5{g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf dlb/f ;]jg slt Jofks 5 eGg] s'/f] gf}nf] xf]Og . lgDg / dWod juL{o g]kfnL ;dfh / kl/jf/n] /S;Lsf sf/0f lgs} 7"nf] Iflt / ;f:tL ef]lu/x]sf] 5 . t/, dlb/f ;]jg /f]u xf] eGg] s'/f w]/}n] :jLsf/]sf 5}gg\ . nfu" cf}ifw ;]jgsf cufl8 of] g t cDdn dflgG5, g t /f]u g} . o;afx]s lrGtfnfUbf] tYo s] 5 eg], g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;fg} pd]/b]lv dlb/f ;]jg z'? x'g yfn]sf] 5 . !^ jif{ gk'Ub} tGg]/Lx¿n] dBkfg z'? ul/;Sg] tYo lxdfn n] xfn} u/]sf] ;j]{If0fdf klg k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

v'nf xF'b} uPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf dlb/fn] tGg]/Lx¿sf] hLjgz}nLdf g} 7fpF cf]u6\g k'u]sf] 5 . cf}iflw k;nafx]s ca ;j{q kfpg ;lsg] dlb/fsf] ;j{;'netfn] To;f] x'g yk ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . dfbs kbfy{ P]g, @)%^ n] !^ jif{ d'lgsfnfO{ nfu" kbfy{ a]rljvg ug{ dgfxL u/]sf] 5 . t/, Jojxf/df Tof] b]lvFb}g . g]kfndf ljgf /f]s6f]s hf] sf]xLn] ;xh} a]Rg / lsGg ;S5, dlb/fhGo kbfy{x¿ . s'g} cj;/ jf sf/0f rflxFb}g, pgLx¿nfO{ dBkfg ug{sf nflu dg nfUof], ;fyLefO;Fu ldNof], nufof] b'O{–tLg Sjf6{/ . dfbs kbfy{sf] tLa| k|rf/k|;f/ / ;xh pknAwtfn] dlb/f ;]jg ug]{x¿sf] ;ª\VofnfO{ c‰ a9fPsf] 5 . lglZrt ;df/f]x jf kl/l:yltdf dfq vfOg] dlb/f ca h'g;'s} a]nf klg vfg yfn]sf 5g\ tGg]/Lx¿n] .
;fdflhs, cfly{s / :jf:Yo nufotsf If]qdf lbglbg} ljWj+; dRrfO/x]sf] dlb/fsf] vkt ;dfhdf clxn] u'0ffTds lx;fad} a9]sf] s'/f g]kfndf dlb/f pTkfbgsf] j[l4b/ ;ft k|ltzt x'g'n] :ki6 atfpF5 . o;n] lxhf]eGbf cfh w]/} g]kfnLx¿ /S;L lkpg yfn]sf] ;Í]t lbG5 .

lxdfn n] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf !^–@% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf $)) o'jfo'jtLx¿df‰ dBkfgsf af/]df u/]sf] ;j]{If0fdf &!=% k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] s'g} g s'g} a]nf cfkm"x¿n] dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf] s'/f atfP . ;j]{If0fdf ;+nUg pQ/bftfx¿dWo] clwsf+z ljBfyL{x¿ lyP . dlb/f ;]jg ug]{x¿df dlxnf eGbf k'?ifsf] ;ª\Vof a9L kfOof] . *) k|ltzt k'?if pQ/bftfx¿n] dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf] kfOof] eg] dlxnf pQ/bftfx¿df of] %* k|ltzt lyof] . @!–@% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf &) k|ltzt / !^–@) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf o'jfo'jtLx¿ @(=$ k|ltzt dlb/f lkpF5g\ . @!–@% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf o'jfo'jtLx¿ !^–@) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf eGbf a9L :jtGq / oLdWo] s]xLsf] /f]huf/ klg x'g] x'Fbf o; pd]/ ;d"xdf a9L dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ b]lvg' :jfefljs xf] .

;a} ju{, hflt, lnËdf dlb/f ;]jg ;fdfGo eO;s]sf] 5 . lxdfn sf] ;j]{If0fn] klg oxL s'/f b]vfpF5 . kl/jf/df dlb/f rNg] / grNg] hfltdf qmdzM ^)=* k|ltzt / #(=@ k|ltztn] dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ s'/f atfP . kl/jf/df dlb/f ;]jg lgif]w gePsf hfthfltsf s/La (^ k|ltzt o'jfo'jtLx¿n] s'g} g s'g} ;dodf dBkfg ug]{ s'/f ;j]{If0fn] b]vfpF5 . kl/jf/df dlb/f grNg] hfthfltsf o'jfo'jtLdf of] ;ª\Vof s/La %# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

slnn} pd]/df dBkfg
;j]{If0fcg';f/ g]kfnL o'jfo'jtLx¿n] slnn} pd]/df klxnf] k6s dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] . cf};tdf !%=&& jif{sf] pd]/df klxnf] k6s dlb/f rflvFbf]/x]5 . cTolws o'jfo'jtLx¿df klxnf] k6s dlb/f ;]jgsf] ;'?cft !^–@) jif{sf] pd]/df ePsf] s'/f ;j]{If0fn] b]vfPsf] 5 . $*=^ k|ltzt o'jfo'jtLx¿n] oxL pd]/ ;d"x -cyf{t\ !^–@) jif{_ df klxnf] k6s dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf lyP . !!–!% jif{ pd]/df klg dlb/f ;]jg z'? ug]{ o'jfo'jtLx¿ #&=$ k|ltzt e]l6P . To:t} wfld{s dfGotfsf sf/0f ^–!) jif{ pd]/df dBkfg z'? ug]{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof *=$ k|ltzt e]l6of] .

g]kfndf dlb/fnfO{ s}of}F ;d'bfodf …hftn] kfPsf]Ú jf …;f+:s[lts ¿kd} :jLsf/ ul/Psf]Ú 7flgG5 . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ hfthfltsf o'jfo'jtLx¿df klxnf] k6s dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ pd]/ c‰} sd b]lvG5 .

tGg]/Lx¿df‰ dlb/f slt nf]slk|o 5 eGg] s'/f s/La @# k|ltzt pQ/bftfn] xKtfdf Ps k6s jf ;f]eGbf a9L k6s dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ u/]sf] tYon] k|:6 kf5{ . o;/L vfg]x¿df &% k|ltzt k'?ifx¿ 5g\ . dBkfg u/]sf] atfpg] pQ/bftfx¿dWo] s/La &) k|ltztn] dlxgfdf Ps k6s jf Tof]eGbf a9L ;]jg ug]{ atfP . !*=@ k|ltzt pQ/bftfn] dlxgfsf] tLg–rf/ k6s dBkfg ug]{ atfP . dlxgfsf] b'O{ k6s / Ps k6s dBkfg ug]{x¿ qmdzM !@=( k|ltzt / !$ k|ltzt kfOPsf] 5 .
@!–@% jif{sf pQ/bftfx¿dWo] @#=@ k|ltztn] xKtfdf Ps k6seGbf a9L dBkfg ug]{ atfP . To:t} !^–@) jif{sf pQ/bftfdWo] @@=^ k|ltztn] o;f] ug]{ hgfP . dlxgfsf] Ps k6seGbf sd dBkfg ug]{ #!=* k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿ rf8kj{ jf s'g} pT;jdf dBkfg ubf{ /x]5g\ . !* k|ltzt o'jtLx¿ xKtfsf] Ps k6seGbf a9L dlb/f ;]jg u5{g\ . o;/L ;]jg ug]{x¿df @!–@% jif{ ;d"xsf pQ/bftfsf] afx'No a9L 5 .

$%=* k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] cfkm"n] v'lzofnL dgfpgsf nflu klxnf] k6s dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf] atfP . :jfb rfVgsf nflu klxnf] k6s dBkfg ug]{x¿ #)=$ k|ltzt / kl/jf/sf] :jLs[ltn] dlb/f ;]jg u/]sfx¿ #)=$ k|ltzt e]l6P . ;fyLefOsf] bafaaf6 klxnf] k6s dBkfg ug]{ pQ/bftfx¿ @#=$ k|ltzt /x]5g\ . To:t} tgfjaf6 d'St x'g !)=$ k|ltzt, :jtGq ePsf] cg'ej ug{sf nflu vfg]x¿ ^ k|ltzt / cGo $=% k|ltzt 5g\ .
@!–@% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf pQ/bftfx¿dWo] &@=$ k|ltztn] kl/jf/sf] :jLs[ltsf sf/0f klxnf] k6s dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf] hgfP . o;/L dBkfg ug]{dWo] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] k|ltzt nueu a/fa/ 5 . /f]rs kIf s] 5 eg], tgfjaf6 d'St x'gsf nflu dlb/f ;]jg ug]{x¿dWo] dlxnfeGbf k'?ifsf] ;ª\Vof cTolws b]lvG5 . To:t} ;fyLx¿sf] bafasf sf/0f dBkfg u/]sf] atfpg]df klg k'?ifsf] ;ª\Vof w]/} 5 .
kl/jf/df dBkfg rNg] / grNg] b'j} vfn] hfthfltdf dlb/f pT;j dgfpg] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf a/fa/ dfqfdf :yflkt ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] ca dlb/f ;]jg s'g} hfthflt, ju{ljz]ifdf dfq} ;Lldt 5}g .

kl/l:ylt / 7fpF
klxnf] k6s dlb/f ;]jg a9L dfqfdf lkslgsdf x'Fbf]/x]5 . @^=( k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] cfkm"n] dBkfg klxnf] rf]l6 lkslgsdf u/]sf] atfP . vf;u/L kl/jf/df dlb/f grNg] hfthfltsf o'jf–o'jtLsf nflu k|yd k6s dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ 7fpF x'Fbf /x]5g\ lkslgs . of] ;d"xsf s/La %) k|ltzt o'jfo'jtLn] cfkm"n] klxnf] k6s lkslgsdf /S;L vfPsf] atfP . lkslgsdf dBkfg ug]{x¿df clwsf+z k'?ifx¿ g} 5g\ .
To:t} wfld{s pT;jdf @#=* k|ltztn] k|yd k6s dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf] kfOof] . o; k|sf/sf] pQ/ lbg]x¿ clwsf+z kl/jf/df dlb/f rNg] hfthfltsf lyP . klxnf] k6s dBkfg ug]{ cGo k|d'v cj;/ / 7fpFx¿ ljjfx, a|tjGw h:tf pT;j x'g\ . @@=$ k|ltzt pQ/bftfn] ljjfxdf klxnf] k6s dBkfg u/]sf] atfP . ;fyLsf] 3/df n'sLl5kL klxnf] kN6 dBkfg ug]{ !@=( k|ltzt, kfl/jfl/s hd36df !$ k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOof] . dlxnfx¿ cS;/ klxnf] k6s dBkfg kfl/jfl/s hd36df ubf{ /x]5g\ .
tGg]/Lx¿sf] lk|o lao/ lao/ tGg]/Lx¿sf] lk|o k]o kbfy{ /x]5 . @&=^ k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] cfkm"x¿n] lao/ lkpg] s'/f atfP . To:t}, @&=# k|ltztn] hfF8 / @^=@ k|ltztn] 3/]n' /S;L lkpg] atfP . l8:6n/Lsf pTkfbgx¿ ;]jg ug]{ pQ/bftfx¿ !&=% k|ltzt e]l6P .
@!–@% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf pQ/bftfx¿dWo] #) k|ltztn] lao/ lkpg] u/]sf] kfOof] . ;f]xL pd]/ ;d"xdf @^=@ k|ltzt hfF8 vfg], @#=* k|ltzt 3/]n' /S;L vfg] / !*=# k|ltzt l8:6n/Lsf pTkfbg vfg] /x]5g\ .

;fyLefO;Fu
;fdfGotof ;fyLefO;Fu} dlb/f ;]jg ul/G5 . ;j]{If0fsf] glthf klg km/s 5}g . %& k|ltzt pQ/bftf ;fyLefO;Fu a;]/ dBkfg ubf{/x]5g\ . To:t} gft]bf/x¿;Fu dBkfg ug]{ #)=! k|ltzt / PSn} dBkfg ug]{ !@=( k|ltzt 5g\ . %$=( k|ltzt pQ/bftfsf kl/jf/df sf]xL g sf]xL dBkfg ubf{ /x]5g\ .

/dfOnf]sf nflu dlb/f ;]jg
;j]{If0fcg';f/ w]/} pQ/bftfx¿n] dBkfg ubf{ /dfOnf]÷cfgGb x'g] s'/f atfP . %&=$ k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿sf] ljrf/ o:tf] lyof] . To:t} !^=! k|ltzt pQ/bftfnfO{ dBkfg ubf{ tgfjaf6 d'lQm kfPsf] cg'ej x'G5 . !)=! k|ltzt pQ/bftf dBkfg ubf{ cfkm" lg8/ ePsf] cg'ej u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . *=& k|ltzt pQ/bftfn] dBkfg ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ :jtGq dx;"; ePsf] s'/f atfP .
@!–@% jif{ ;d"xsf pQ/bftfdWo] %^=& k|ltztsf cg';f/ dBkfg ubf{ /dfOnf] cg'ej x'G5 . o:t} cg'e"lt !^–@) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf %*=@ k|ltzt pQ/bftfsf] klg 5 . dBkfg ubf{ /dfOnf]÷cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt x'g] atfpg] o'jfk':tf dBkfgaf6 x'g] dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s xflgsf af/] eg] cgle1 5g\ .

vfg] 7fpF
$#=& k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿ /]:6'/fF, af/ /l8:sf]y]sdf dBkfg ubf{/x]5g\ . @*=# k|ltzt ldNg] ;fyLsf] 3/df / @!=# k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿ rflxF cfˆg} 3/df dBkfg u5{g\ . 3/df dlb/f ;]jg ug]{x¿df clwsf+z kl/jf/df dlb/f rNg] hfthfltsf e]l6P .

;j]{If0fcg';f/ k'?if pQ/bftfx¿ 3/ aflx/ / dlxnf pQ/bftfx¿ 3/ jf cfkmGtsxfF dBkfg ug]{ ub{5g\ . dlb/fsf] If]qdf sfo{/t cg';Gwftfsf cg';f/ g]kfndf dBkfg Pp6f 7"nf] ;fdflhs / :jf:Yo ;d:of alg;s]sf] 5 . t/, clwsf+z g]kfnL kl/jf/ nf]snfhsf sf/0f /S;Lsf] 3'6\sf] glnO{ g;Sg] kl/jf/sf cfˆgf ;b:onfO{ hF8\ofxf jf /S;Lsf] b'Jo{;gdf km;]sf] 7fGb}gg\ . dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 8f= w|'jdfg >]i7 eG5g\, æ/S;Lsf] ntdf nfu]sfnfO ;s];Dd kl/jf/ cfkm} ;dfwfg ug{ vf]H5g\, g;s]kl5 dfq} pkrf/sf] nflu NofOG5 .Æ !^–@% jif{sf o'jfo'jtLx¿ dlb/f ;]jgdf nfUg'n] ‰g\ ;d:of b]vfPsf] 5 .
cWoogx¿n] b]vfPsf] 5g\, g]kfnsf c:ktfnx¿df k'Ug] lj/fdLx¿dWo] !% b]lv #) k|ltzt /S;Lsf sf/0f k|ToIf÷ck|ToIf k|efljt x'G5g\ . dfgl;s c:ktfn nugv]nn] h'nfO{ @))! df u/]sf] Ps cWoog cg';f/ sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfx¿dWo] #! k|ltztn] dlb/f ;]jg ub{5g\ . /, kfFr k|ltzt rflxF dlb/fsf] s'ntd} kmFl;;s]sf 5g\ . cfTdxTofsf] a9\bf] b/sf k5fl8 /S;Lsf] nt lgs} xb;Dd lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] s'/f klg ;f] cg';Gwfgaf6 yfxf nfu]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ;du| cfTdxTofsf] b/ )=)! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . t/, dfbskbfy{ ;]jg ug]{dWo] )=! k|ltzt / dlb/fsf] s'ntd} kmF;]sfx¿dWo] )=^ k|ltztn] cfTdxTof ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . !) k|ltzt ;8s b'3{6gf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/]/ ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpgfn] x'g] ub{5 .

dlb/f ;]jgdf tGg]/Lx¿sf] ;+nUgtf /fd|f] nIf0f xf]Og . 8f= >]i7sf cg';f/, /S;Ln] gsf/fTds c;/ gk'¥ofpg] z/L/sf] s'g} cË g} 5}g . pgL eG5g\, ægª, s]z, d'6', dl:tis, of}g ;a}df /S;Ln] xflg k'¥ofpF5 .Æ 8f= >]i7sf cg';f/ nfu" kbfy{sf] c;/eGbf klg a9L / vt/gfs x'G5 dlb/fsf] c;/ . o;afx]s ;fdflhs ;DaGw, cfly{s Ifo, kfl/jfl/s snx, dgf]j}1flgs c;/ / b'3{6gf nufotsf ;d:of t 5Fb}5g\ .

dlb/fsf] kx'Fr of pknAwtf b]zJofkL 5, t/ pkrf/ / ;Nnfx -sfplG;lnª_ sf] ;'ljwf rflxF sf7df8f}Fdf dfq ;Lldt 5 . o'y lehg, ;]G6 h]leo;{ ;fdflhs ;]jf s]Gb| / cf;/f ;'wf/ s]Gb| nfu" cf}ifw / dlb/fsf b'Jo{;gLx¿nfO{ pkrf/ k'¥ofpg] ;+:yfx¿ x'g\ . d'lZsnn] @)) hltn] oL sfplG;lnË s]Gb|x¿af6 jflif{s ¿kdf pkrf/ kfpF5g\ .
tGg]/Lx¿ z'?df ;fyLefO;Fu dlb/f rfV5g\ / To;kl5 dgf]/~hgsf nflu slxn]sfxLF lkpF5g\ hf] k|sf/fGt/df pgLx¿sf] cfbt aG5 . To;sf/0f Vofn /fVg' k¥of] cfhsf] dgf]/~hg ef]lnsf] ;d:of gagf];\ .