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y'k|} 5g\ k9\g] ljifo
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jf:tjdf To:tf] ljifo k9\g'k5{ h'g ljifo cfkm"nfO{ ?lrs/ x'G5 . ;dfh zg}Mzg}M ljlzi6Ls/0ftkm{ al9/x]sf] 5 . s]xL klxn];Dd z}lIfs pkflw dfq xfl;n u/]sf] sf]xL klg lzIfs x'g ;SYof], ca To;sf nflu nfO;]G; klg rflxG5 . rs / 8:6/;Fu dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s ¿kdf PnhL{ x'g]x¿n] cfkm}Fn] gk9fP klg lzIff ljifo lng]] a]nfdf ljrf/ ug}{k5{ . rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G6 aGg] OR5f x'g]n] afa'–cfdfn] vr{ ug{ lbPsf] k};fsf] lx;fa dfUbf l/; p7\5 ls p7\b}g Vofn ug'{k5{ . l/; p7\5 eg] n]vfzf:q gk9\g'df g} cfˆgf] sNof0f x'G5 . kfOn6 gx'Fbf;Dd kfOn6 x'g' /fd|f] nfU5, t/ cflv/ kfOn6x¿aLr klg k|lt:kwf{ x'G5, ef]lnsf] cfˆgf] ;+;f/ kfOn6x¿aLrs} xf] eGg] s'/f klg a'´g'k5{ . p8\bf 8/nfUg] -clN6Ro"8 kmf]ljof ePsf]_ JolQmn] kfOn6 eP/ s] unf{ < To:t} ;ËLt eg]kl5 x'?Ss x'g]n] ;ËLt g} lsg gk9\g] < casf] hdfgfdf k9\g'nfO{ ;fdflhs k|lti7f / x}l;ot ;'wfg]{ jf sfod /fVg] ;fwgsf ¿kdf gx]/L cfˆgf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ cfh{g ul/g] dgkbf]{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf x]g'{k5{ .
clwsf+z ljBfyL{n] rfx]/ klg /f]h]sf] ljifo k9\g kfpFb}gg\, k};f jf c?yf]saf6 plAhg] afwfsf sf/0f . glhs} sd;{ SofDk; 5 eg] 6f9fsf] ;ËLt ljBfno wfpg' dxFuf] kg'{ :jfefljs} xf] . To;dfly ;DkGg afa'cfdf klg ;Gtfgsf nflu pko"Qm ljifo 5flglbg ;+j]bgzLn x'Fb}gg\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf ljBfyL{ :jo+n] cfˆgf] ljifosf] jsfnt / k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . sd;]sd kl/jlt{t ;do / cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] rfv yfxf kfP/ EofP;Dd cfˆgf ;Gtfgn] ?rfPsf] ljifo;Fu d]n vfg] ljifo k9fpg]tkm{ cleefjsn] klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu jg lj1fg k9\g gkfP e"uf]n k9\g ;lsG5 eGg] ;r]ttf /xg'k5{ .

c¿sf nflu kl9lbg] xf]Og
cleefjsn] cfˆgf] k'/fgf] ;kgfsf] hfnf]n] ;Gtfgsf] eljio 5f]Kg'x'Fb}g . g, s] k9\g] eGg] lg0f{o ;fx|} ;fg}b]lv nfb\g' plrt x'G5 . ^–& jif{sf s]6fs]6LnfO{ 8fS6/ x'g], Ol~hlgo/ x'g] eGg] ;'uf/6fO u/fP/ …a|]g jf;Ú ul/lbg'x'Fb}g . s] s] ljifo x'G5g\ / s] ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ yfxf gkfpFb} cfˆgf] OR5fdf s]6fs]6Lsf] eljio lsg s}b ul/lbg] < To;f] ug'{ eg]sf] s]6fs]6Ldf g} 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lax] ul/lbg' p:t} s'/f xf] . 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] :jefj ;'xfpFbf] / ltgn] ?rfpg] ljifo kQf nufpg cleefjsn] ;3fpg'k5{ .

t'ngfTds kmfObf
sfg"g k9\g] xf] eg] uNnf Jofkf/Lsf] ;Ëtdf a:g]eGbf jsLn / GofofwLzsf] ;Ëtdf a:bf kmfObf x'G5 . To;n] To; k]zf / ljifosf cfGtl/s ;"rgf lbG5 / cfTdljZjf; a9fpF5 . k':tf}Fb]lv kl/lrt ljifox¿df >]i7tf xfl;n ug{ ;lhnf] k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu r]kfªx¿n] sfg"g jf ef}ltszf:q k9\g'eGbf hLjzf:q of ;dfhzf:q of ;ËLt k9\bf t'ngfTds pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;S5g\ . ;fyLx¿sf] nx}nx}df nfu]/ ljifo 5fGg' klg x'Fb}g . lsgeg] b'O{ lbg s'/f ldNb}df sfnfGt/;Dd ?lr ldN5 eGg] s]xL 5}g . t'ngfTds kmfObf;Fu} t'ngfTds j]kmfObf x]/] klg ljifo 5'6\ofpg ;lhnf] k5{ . ckjfb cjZo x'G5g\, t/ kxf8df x's]{–a9]sfn] ;d'b|zf:q (Marine ecology) gk9\g j]z xf]nf, olb To; ljifodf ljz]if1 aGg' 5 eg] .

cy{s/L ljBf <
cfˆgf] k'Vof}{nL lhnL 5}g eg] u'hf/f gx'g] ljifo k9]/ x'Fb}g . k'/]TofOF gug]{ eP ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;+:s[t k9\g ;Sb}gg\ . PdP, PdP:;Lsf k|df0fkq y'kfg]{eGbf h]6LP jf cgdL jf c¿ k|fljlws ljifo k9\g] ;'/ ug'{ k¥of] . tyfslyt 7"nf] sfd gkfpg], k9]sf] vf]qmf] wfsdf kfpg] / ;Sg] sfd ug{ nfh nflu w]/} k9]/ ;8\g nfu]sf lbbL–bfh'x¿nfO{ klg x]g{' k¥of] cyjf ljZj ljBfnosf] k9fOn] dfq /f]huf/L lbG5 eGg] dfGotf km]/]/ dg k/]sf] ljifo k9]/ sdfpg] cs}{ If]q /f]Hg'k5{ . t/, k};f dfq ljifo 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/ x'g'x'Fb}g .

s'g ljifo dxŒjk"0f{ <
ljifo 5fGg' cufl8 st} 3'Dg hfg] jf s'g} ;+:yfdf :jo+;]jL -kfP k};f lnP/_ sfd ugf{n] ljrf/ km/flsnf] kfg{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 . s'g} ljifo 7"nf] jf ;fgf] 5}g . ljifo 7"nf] ;fgf] agfpg] cfˆg} xftdf 5 . s'/f olQ dfq xf] ls cfkm"n] k9]sf] ljifon] cfˆg} l;h{gf gv'DRofcf];\ . sf7df8f}Fsf] Pp6f k;ndf 7"nf cIf/n] n]lvPsf] ;fGble{s jfSo o:tf] 5– b]c/ Oh gf] ˆo"r/ Og ha\, ha\ nfOh Og b ha\ xf]N8/ cyf{t\ sfddf xf]Og, sfd ug]{ JolQmd} eljio lgxLt 5 .
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cflv/df
oL ;a s'/f %) k|ltzteGbf s]xL a9L JolQmx¿ ;fIf/ ePsf] b]zsf ;Gbe{df ul/Psf] xf] . k9]/ lzlIft ;D‰g] xf] eg] ;a}nfO{ lzlIft x'g kfpg] cj;/ tof/ ug'{ ;a} lzlIftx¿sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . cfkm"n] k9]/ c¿nfO{ s] sfd nfU5 eGg] k|Zg Ps k6s k9\g] df}sf kfPsf ;a}n] ug'{k5{ rfx] xfd|f] …u|Lg sf8{Ú lng] O/fbf xf];\ of gofF cfljisf/ ug]{ xf];\ . c¿n] k9\g kfpFb}gg\ eg]/ k9\g 5f8\g] efjgfdf klg aUg'x'Fb}g . cfkm"n] klg k9\g] c¿n] klg k9\g kfpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{tkm{ ;f]Rg' h?/L 5 .