j]b lj1fg / ;f}Gbo{

gf/L ;f}Gbo{sf] k"jL{o cjwf/0ff / j}1flgs kl/efiff aLr vf;} leGgtf kfOFb}g . g]kfnL k'?ifx¿sf] kfsf] k':tfn] k|frLg sfJo–k'/f0f cflbdf jl0f{t ;f}Gbo{nfO{ g} cfbz{sf] ¿kdf :jLsf/]sf] 5 . t/, klZrdL d'n'sdf eg] o;eGbf leGg, …h;nfO{ h] dg k5{ ToxL xf] ;f}Gbo{Ú eGg] cfkm"v'zL kl/efiffn] clxn] h/f] uf8\b} uPsf] 5 .

8f= ;'zLn sf]O/fnf

jSq+ rGb|ljsfl; kÍhk/Lxf;Ifd] nf]rg]
j0f{M :j0f{dkfsl/i0f'/lngL lhi0f'M srfgf~roM .
jIff]hfljes'Delje|dx/f} u'aL{ lgtDj:ynL
jfrf+ xfl/ r dfb{j+ o'jltif' :jfefljs+ d08gd\ ..

ærGb|df h:t} ljsl;t x'Fb} ug]{ ;'Gb/ d'v cyf{t\ rGb|jbg, sdn ;dfg ;'Gb/ nhfn' cfFvf, ;'gnfO{ dfy ug]{ sflGto'Qm cfsif{s kx]+nf] z/L/Ù eFj/feGbf sfnf] skfn, xfQLsf] u08:yn h:t} k'i6 / pGgt :tgÙ 7"nf] tyf d'l:snn] wfGg ;lsg] lgtDa clg dw'/, sf]dn, dL7f] af]nLÆ Pp6L ;'Gb/ o'jtLdf x'g'kg]{ u'0fx¿ x'g\ .
b'O{xhf/ jif{cl3 ljqmd ;Djt\ cf/De u/fpg] pHh}gsf /fhf ljqmdflbTosf bfh' et[{xl/ -hf] cfkm}F klg Ps k6s /fhf lyP_ åf/f /lrt >[ª\uf/ zts af6 pb\w[t dflysf] Znf]s / @)@) ;fnlt/ g]kfnsf Ps slj /fhfåf/f /lrt uLtsf tnsf x/kmx¿df gf/Lsf] ;f}Gbo{ / cËsf] j0f{gdf 3tnfUbf] ;dfgtf kfOG5Ù
æufhn' tL 7"nf 7"nf cfFvf
tL/ agL k;] of] lbn}df
sfnf] nfdf] k/]nL s]z
5fn k/] slnnf] dfofdfÆ
nnn
æ;'Gb/ d'xf/ ltd|f] rGb|df zdf{pg]
Ps k6s b]Vg kfP rflxGg csf]{ s]xL
l5g]sf] Tof] s6Ldf hnsf] 38f ;/L eO{
6fFl;/xg kfP rflxGg csf]{ s]xLÆ
– d=jL=lj=zfx

:qL ;f}Gbo{sf af/]df b'O{xhf/ jif{cl3–kl5sf oL b'O{ /fhk'?ifsf] ?lr s;/L ;dfg x'g ;Dej eof] < olt nfdf] sfnv08df ablnPsf ;fdflhs d"No–dfGotf, cfxf/–ljxf/, 1fg–lj1fg cflbn] gf/L ;f}Gbo{k|ltsf] k'?if b[li6sf]0f lsg k|efj kfg{ ;s]g < To:tf] ;"q jf tTj s] xf] < h;n] oL b'O{sf ?lr, x]/fO h:tf lgtfGt JolQmut / leqL s'/fnfO{ hf]8\g ;Sof] < cyjf Tof] s'g cfbz{ xf] h;n] oL b'j} /fhfx¿sf] efjgfnfO{ Ps} lbzftkm{ 8f]¥ofof] < g]kfn pHh}gsf /fhfåf/f :yflkt ljqmd ;Djt\nfO{ /fli6«o kfqf]sf] ¿kdf ckgfpg] ljZjs} Ps dfq d'n's xf]Ù o;afx]s g]kfn / pHh}gaLr otfsf] o'udf k|ToIftM s'g} ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts ;DaGw 5}g . t/, b'j} ;dfh lxGb" j}lbs jf k"jL{o ;Eotfsf cË x'g\ . nf]sJojxf/ / efiff cflb leGg eP klg g]kfnsf djLlj zfx, et[{xl/n] 5f]8]/ uPsf] ;+:sf/ / ;D‰gf eGbf aflx/ lyPgg\ . ;ª\If]kdf eGg'kbf{ slj x[bosf oL /fh–k'?ifx¿aLrsf] ;DaGw;"q j}lbs cyf{t\ j]bdf cfwfl/t k"jL{o cfbz{, dfGotf / ;+:s[lt g} xf] .
To;f] t :qL ;f}Gbo{ af/] et[{xl/ k"j{sf lxGb" wfld{s u|Gy / sfJox¿df klg o:t} j0f{g km]nf k5{g\ . /fdfo0fdf ;Ltfsf], dxfef/tdf b|f}kbLsf], lzjk'/f0fdf kfj{tLsf], b]jL efujtdf b'uf{sf], zfs'Gtn dxfsfJodf zs'Gtnfsf] z/L/ / ;f}Gbo{sf] ljj/0f of]eGbf leGg kfOFb}g . oL u|Gyx¿df gf/Lsf cfFvf, gfs, sfg, lgwf/, d'v, cf]7, bfFt, xft, uf]8f cflb k|To]s cËsf] /fd|f]kgnfO{ z'e nIf0f jf :j:y z/L/sf] k|tLssf ¿kdf JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . tL cË g/fd|f] x'g'nfO{ cz'e jf c:j:ytfsf] nIf0f atfOPsf] 5 . tL wfld{s / ;flxlTos u|Gyx¿df gf/L ;f}Gbo{sf] aofg ubf{ k|To]s cËnfO{ k|fs[lts j:t'x¿;Fu t'ngf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

bfFt, cfFvf / gfsM s:tf /fd|f <
eljio k'/f0fdf j0f{g ul/P cg';f/, z+v, s'Gbk'ik -rd]nLh:tf] ;]tf] km"n_, rGb|df h:tf] ;]tf, ;kmf, pHofnf, rlDsnf, lrNnf, gpl5l§Psf t/ clnslt pRr, l5b|f gePsf, 6Dd ldn]sf bfFtnfO{ ;'Gb/ dflgPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L afx'gLr/L, d[u jf aFb]nsf h:tf r~rnÙ gLnsdnsf] kft h:tf] cfsf/, tfdfsf] kqh:tf] /ftf–/ftf / /fd|f] k/]nf ePsf cfFvfnfO{ ;'Gb/tfsf] sf]l6df /flvPsf] 5 . eljio k'/f0f d} gfssf] j0f{g o;/L ul/Psf] 5M
æg :y"nf gs[zf jqmf gfltbL3f{ ;d'Ggtf .
O{WoL gfl;sf oidfM ;f wGof t' z'esf/L ..
cyf{t\ g w]/} df]6f], g ;f/} kftnf] jf l‰gf], l7Ss nDafO ePsf] / w]/} r'Rrf] gk/]sf] gfs x'g] :qL efUodfgL jf ;'Gb/L x'g\ .
o:t} cËk|ToËsf] aofgsf] l;nl;nfdf ;fd'lb|s zf:q n] s]xL cËaf/] o;/L atfPsf] 5 .
lk7\o"F jf 9f8M 8F8fNgfsf] x8\8L / s/ª gb]lvg] u/L df;'n] k'i6 ePsf] :qLsf] lk7\o"F /fd|f] dflgG5 .
xftM xf8 / hf]gL{ df+;k]zLåf/f /fd|/L 9flsPsf, ;Lwf / ;nSs k/]sf, g;f gb]lvg], /f}F gb]lvg] kfv'/fo'Qm xftnfO{ ;'Gb/ 7flgPsf] 5 .
xTs]nfM /ftf] j0f{, df‰df k'i6, cf}Fnf ;Lwf u/L ldnfpFbf l5b| gb]lvg]Ù sf]dn / yf]/} /]vf ePsf xTs]nfnfO{ /fd|f]sf] >]0fLdf /flvPsf] 5 .
k}tfnfM :qLsf k}tfnf g/d, d'nfod, k'i6, lrNnf, /ftf / kl;gf gcfpg] t/ Gofgf] /xg] x'g'k5{ .
:tgM b'j} a/fa/Ù k'i6, ;'b[9, uf]nfO{ ldn]sf / a]nh:t} vFlbnf :tgnfO{ k"jL{o ;f}Gbo{zf:qLx¿n] /fd|f]sf] >]0fLdf /fv]sf 5g\ .
hfF3M -lt3|f_ gf/Lsf g;f gb]lvg] xfQLsf] ;"F8 h:t} ;nSs k/]sf / d'nfod p? jf lt3|f a9L cfsif{s dflgG5g\ .
lgtDaM -xLk_ vFlbnf], rf}8f / k'i6 lgtDanfO{ ;fd'lb|s zf:q n] ;'Gb/ jf /fd|f]sf] sf]l6df /fv]sf] 5 .
To:t} dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] zs'Gtnf dxfsfJodf Pp6L ;'Gb/ gf/Lsf] sNkgf o;/L u/]sf 5g\M
ntf s]zdf /]zdL kfn'jf 5
d'uf cf]7 d]/f u'nfjL skf]n .
gzfdf 5 gfnf piffnfn nf]n
ddf k|]d ug]{ 5 sf] cfh < af]n ..
o;/L ;f}Gbo{ c‰ To;df klg :qLsf] zf/Ll/s agf]6sf] s'/f ubf{ /fhf et[{xl/, /fhf dx]Gb| dfq x}gg\Ù k"jL{o wfld{s Pj+ >[ª\ufl/s ;flxTosf u|Gyx¿df cfwfl/t ;f}Gbo{sf] JofVof / pkdf;Fu clxn]sf] k':tf klg w]/} c;xdt ePsf] kfOFb}g . cfhsf] o'jfk':tfn] ufpg] nf]snodf cfwfl/t g]kfnL kk uLtsf af]nx¿n] o:t} ;Í]t lbG5g\M
a;Gt pbfof] of] wtL{el/
h'g / tf/f klg nfhn] n'Sof]
ltdLnfO{ b]v]/===
nnn
:ju{s} k/L egL eG5g\ ;w}F
ltdLnfO{, ltdLnfO{ b]v]/ ===
c‰ ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg], k|0fosf] a]nf cfˆgf lk|o;LnfO{ n]lvg] kqdf k|foM ;a}n] k"jL{o cfbz{n] aofg u/]sf] ;f}Gbo{sf] pkdf g} cfˆgL lk|o;LnfO{ lbg] ub{5g\ . cfkm"nfO{ …:nLdÚ s]6L dgk5{ eGg] o'jsn] klg cfˆgL k|]o;Lsf] j0f{g ug'{kbf{, k/Dk/fut >[ª\ufl/s zf:qs} ljz]if0f / pkdfsf zAb ;fk6 lng] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ælk|o === ltd|f tL ;'s]sf kfv'/fÙ s/ª b]lvg] 5ftL, d'8'nf] 6fpsf] b]v]/ df]lxt ePsf] 5', cflb ===Æ eg]/ cfˆgL k|]o;Lsf] j0f{g ul/Psf gd"gf st} km]nf kb}{gg\ . o;af6 klg gf/L ;f}Gbo{af/] xfdL g]kfnLx¿sf] ?lr cfh–ef]ln lkmNd / km]zg zf]dfkm{t\ kl/eflift ug{ vf]lhPsf] …:nLdÚ eGbf k/Dk/fut of kf}/fl0fs sfnsf] kl/efiff;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] /x]sf] k'li6 x'G5 .
k'?ifx¿sf nflu …gf/L ;f}Gbo{Ú 5nkmnsf] Pp6f k|d'v ljifo xf] . gf/Lsf] zf/Ll/s agf]6sf] s'/f rNbf vf;u/L o'jfx¿ Ps cfk;df ;f]Wg] u5{g\, æP s:tLnfO{ /fd|L eGg] xF < t/ o:tf] k|Zgsf] a:t'ut jf Pp6} hjfkm x'Fb}g, lsgeg] ;f}Gbo{sf] kl/efiff lgtfGt cfTdk/s x'G5 / of] JolQmlkR5] km/s x'G5 . k|foM xfdL s;}n] klg ;f]‰} d t o:tf–o:tf zf/Ll/s cË ePsLnfO{ dg k/fpF5' egL jfSo km'6fpg dg ub}{gf}F jf egf}F cfF6 ub}{gf}F . dgsf] rfxgf dg}df /fvL jsfnt ug{ yfNb5f}F, u'0f, ;Lk, k|ltef, rl/q / afgL cflbsf] . xfdL cfkm"nfO{ hlt lzlIft / af}l4s 7fG5f}F, gf/L ;f}Gbo{af/] Tolt g} 3'dfP/ cfˆgf] wf/0ff JoQm ub{5f}F . tyflkÙ gf/Lsf] ;dli6ut ;f}Gbo{ / cfsif{0f ug]{ cËsf af/]df lg/k]If 9Ëaf6 JofVof ug{ nueu c;Dej g} x'G5 . dfly pb\w[t\ sfJo / wd{u|Gysf k|;Ëx¿n] klg oxL tYo bzf{pF5g\ . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ xf], :qL ;f}Gbo{sf] s'/f cfpFbf xfdL :jtM t'ngfTds efiff
af]Ng yfN5f}F, ===h:tf cfFvf, ====h:tf gfs cflb eg]/ .
o;/L pkdf jf pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] a:t' ;j{JofkL cyf{t\ ;a}n] b]v]sf]–a'‰]sf] x'g' h?/L x'G5 . k|frLg u|Gyx¿df gf/Lsf cËx¿nfO{ km"n, k|f0fL, rGb|df h:tf ;f‰f s'/fx¿;Fu t'ngf ul/g'sf] sf/0f, oL a:t'x¿ af/] ;a}n] yfxf kfPsf jf kfpg ;S5g\ eg]/ g} xf] . cfhef]ln rflxF ;~rf/ / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ubf{, cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sL gf/L jf gf/Lsf s'g} cËsf] t'ngf gfd rn]sf lkmNdL lx/f]Og, df]8n jf ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/dfWoddf af/Daf/ b]vfkg]{ JolQmTjx¿;Fu ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .
dxfslj et[{xl/n] cfˆgf :jKg ;'Gb/Lx¿sf] t'ngfTds j0f{g o;/L u/]sf 5g\ M
ærGb|df ;dfg pHofnf] tyf rGb|sfGtf dl0f ;dfg cfsif{s d'xf/, OGb|gLn dl0f ;dfg sfnf] s]z /fzLÙ kb\d/fudl0f t'No /ftf–/ftf xft ePsfn] oL sfldgL -o'jtL_x¿ ljleGg dl0fdfl0fSoflb /Tg h:t} ;'Gb/ / cfsif{s 5g\ .Æ
t/, o;/L pbfx/0f -pkdf_ lbP/ ul/Psf] j0f{gn] klg s;}sf] cfzo jf efjnfO{ ;dfg / :ki6;Fu JoQm ug{ ;Sb}g / ;'Gg] jf k9\g]x¿n] p:t} jf ;dfg ¿kdf a'´b}gg\ . s'g} j0f{gnfO{ cf–cfˆg} ?lr cg'?k u|x0f u5{g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu et[{xl/sf] j0f{g cg';f/ s'g} b'O{ lrqsf/ jf d"lt{sf/nfO{ Pp6L :qLsf] d'xf/ agfpg nufpFbf kSs} klg b'O{ leGg k|sf/sf d"lt{ jf lrqsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 .
/fdfgGb ;fu/n] …/fdfo0fÚ 6]ln>[ª\vnf lgdf{0f gubf{;Dd /fdfo0f k9]/ jf ;'g]/ x/]sn] cf–cfˆg} ?k / nfj0osL ;Ltfsf] sNkgf ub{y] jf lrqsf/x¿n] agfPsf ahf/ jf lstfadf ePsf lrqsL ;LtfnfO{ g} ;Ltfsf] jf:tljs cfs[lt 7fGby] . t/, …/fdfo0fÚ >[ª\vnf x]/]kl5 ef/tLo lkmNdL snfsf/ bLlksf g} ;Ltfsf] ¿kdf w]/}sf] dfg;k6ndf cfpFl5g\ eg] c?0f uf]ljn /fd . To:t} s[i0fsf] s'/f ubf{ dxfef/t 6]ln>[ª\vnfdf clego u/]sf lgltz ef/åfhsf] tl:a/ Psk6s ;a}sf] dgdf ‰'lNsxfN5 .

;f}Gbo{ / lj1fg
cfw'lgs ;f}Gbo{ lj1fgn] dflg;sf] ;f}Gbo{nfO{ wfld{s u|Gy jf sfJodf ‰}F s'g} k|fs[lts a:t';Fu t'ngf gu/L ul0ftLo efiffdf g} j0f{g ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . h;/L s'g} vfB kbfy{sf] :jfb hlxn] agfpFbf klg ;dfg xf];\ eg]/ xfdL lglZrt ;"q;lxtsf …/]l;kLÚ agfpF5f}F To;} u/L ;f}Gbo{ lj1fgn] klg, ;dfhn] /fd|f] 7x¥ofPsf ljleGg hfthfltsf :qLsf cg'xf/sf] cWoog u/L ;f}Gbo{sf ljleGg sf]0f / cfwf/x¿ lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . o;/L lgwf{l/t cfwf/ljGb'x¿ aLrsf] b"/L, sf]0f cflb gfkL ;f}Gbo{sf kIfx¿nfO{ kl/eflift ul/G5 . of] ljlw ljz]if u/L ;f}Gbo{;Fu ;DalGwt cfw'lgs pkrf/k4lt -s:d]l6s ;h{/L_ sf] qmddf a9L pkof]u x'g] u5{ . To:t}, z/L/sf] pFrfO, tf}n, ljleGg cËsf] gfk, /ª cflbsf ;f‰f dfkb08x¿ klg ls6fg ul/Psf 5g\ . xfdLn] ;'Gg] u/]sf] gf/Lsf] 5ftL, sDd/ / lgtDasf] cfbz{ gfk #^Š@$Š@^ klg oxL ;f}Gbo{ lj1fgsf] pkh xf] .
;flxTodf bfFtsf] j0f{g ubf{ b"w h:tf] ;]tf] eGg] ul/G5 t/ lj1fgn] /fd|f bfFtsf] /ª s:tf] x'g'k5{ jf x'G5 eg]/ lglZrt cfwf/ g} to u/]sf] 5 . cg'xf/sf] ;f}Gbo{sf] ljZn]if0fdf xfn Jofks ¿kdf ;]kmfnf]d]l6«s PS;–/]sf ;fy} sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . kmf]6f] / PS;–/]af6 k|fKt ljleGg cfwf/ljGb'nfO{ sDKo'6/df /fvL s;}sf] cg'xf/ olt jif{df o:tf] b]lvG5 jf s'g} pkrf/kl5 cg'xf/ s:tf] b]lvG5 eg]/ k"jf{g'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

cfhsf] ;f}Gbo{sf] cfwf/M g j]b g lj1fg
cfh vf;u/L zx/L If]q / o'jf k':tfdf JofKt gf/L ;f}Gbo{;DaGwL cjwf/0ff eg] lj1fg jf j]bdWo] s'g}df klg cfwfl/t kfOFb}g . ;f}Gbo{sf] cfkm"v'zL kl/efiff / Jojxf/n] lj1fg jf j]bn] cf}FNofPsf ;f}Gbo{sf kl/;"rsx¿nfO{ gf3]sf] 5 . /, clxn] ;dfhdf ;f}Gbo{sf] cfkm"v'zL kl/efiffn] g} jr{:j hdfPsf] 5 .
lj1fkg, rnlrq, ;fËLlts sfo{qmd cflbsf] a9\bf] k|lt:kwf{n] klg ;f}Gbo{ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffdf l56f]l56f] kl/jt{g NofOlbPsf] 5 . ahf/df l6Sgsf nflu l;h{gf ul/g] ;f}Gbo{sf gofF–gofF ;f]rfO / k|tLsx¿nfO{ ;~rf/dfWodx¿n] 3/sf sf]7f;Dd tTsfn k'¥ofOlbg] u/]sf 5g\ . gf/L ;f}Gbo{sf] k|bz{g t cfh ;+;f/e/ g} Pp6f cfsif{s pBf]usf] ¿kdf km:6fO–/x]sf] 5 .
clwsf+z dflg;x¿n] ;f}Gbo{af/] ;f]Rg] / sNkgf ug]{ cfˆgf] df}lnstf Toflu;s]sf 5g\ / To;sf] lhDdf km]zg l8hfOg/, Jo"l6l;og, lkmNd lgb]{zs / ;f}Gbo{ ;fdu|L pTkfbsx¿n] lnPsf 5g\ .
cfˆgf] dgn] æx[i6k'i6 6Dd ldn]sf], ;nSs k/]sf]Æ :qLnfO{ rfx] klg cfw'lgs aGg] xf]8df b'Anf]Ù 5fnf xf8df 6fFl;Psf]Ù df;' gePsf], cg'xf/sf] x8\8Lx¿sf] cfsf/ k|:6 b]lvg] xft, v'§fdf df+;k]zL sd ePsL kftnL s]6L -h'g ;f}Gbo{sf] xfnsf] kl/efiffleq kb{5_ nfO{ g} …cfxf Sof l:nd ÛÚ eGg afWo 5g\ cfhsf o'jfx¿ .
/fd|f] aGg] /x/df z/L/nfO{ cgfjZos ¿kdf ;'sfP/ gs{6h:tf] agfpg], :jf:Yod} k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L vfgf lgs} sd vfP/ tf}n 36fpg] rng g]kfnL o'jfx¿df klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

;'Gb/Lx¿sf] k|lt:kwf{
o'jtLx¿sf] ;f}Gbo{sf] d"NofÍg u/L k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ w]/} 7fpFdf w]/} txsf ;'Gb/L 5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfx¿ ;~rfng x'g] ub{5g\ .
a|Xdf08 ;'Gb/L -ld; o'lge;{_ / ljZj ;'Gb/Lh:tf cGt/f{li6«o ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutfsf cf–cfˆg} p2]Zo / ;f]r lnP/ rNg] u/]sf 5g\ . klZrdL cf}Bf]lus b]zx¿åf/f z'? ul/Psf o:tf k|ltof]lutfsf ;f}Gbo{;DaGwL dfkb08x¿ ToxLFsf] ;dfhsf] ?lr / k|fyldstf cg'?k x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . :qL ;f}Gbo{nfO{ x]g]{ klZrdL / k"jL{o b[li6sf]0fdf pNn]Vo leGgtf /x]sf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] klg efu lng'k5{ eGg] dfGotfn] g]kfndf klg To:tf k|ltof]lutfx¿ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . t/ To:tf k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug]{x¿n] ;'Gb/L 5gf}6sf nflu :yfgLo ?lr, k/Dk/f, ;+:s[lt, cfbz{ h:tf s'/fx¿sf] cWoog u/L df}lns dfkb08 tof/ kfg{ eg] ;s]sf 5}gg\ cyjf To;tkm{ rf;f] b]vfPsf 5}gg\ . a? df}lns dfkb08 agfP/ To; cg'?ksf …k"jL{o cyjf g]kfnL ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfÚ cfof]hgf ug]{ xf] eg], …;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutfÚsf] ;+;f/df xfdLn] gofF cfofd yKg ;Sg]5f}F .

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