/fd|f]
l/kf]6{
…;Í6u|:t If]qdf ;Í6sfnÚ -!–!%
c;f/_ ;fGble{s nfUof] .
lx+;f / xTofn] cfqmfGt g]kfnsf b'u{d ufpFx¿df lbglbg}
dfG5] dg'{ / dfl/g' ca gf}nf] /x]g . t/, le8Gtsf ;dfrf/
lbgx'F cfP klg xfdLn] To;af/] oyfy{ k9\g kfO/x]sf lyPgf}F .
o:tf] l:yltdf lxdfn n] :ynut l/kf]6{ lbP/ kf7sx¿nfO{
u'g nufPsf] 5 . cfufdL cÍx¿df klg o:t}
oyfy{k/s ;dfrf/sf] ck]Iff /fVb5' .
;'af]w
kf08]
zÍ/b]j SofDk;
/fhgLltM
o'jf rf;f]
…o'jfx¿sf] gh/df r'gfj / /fhgLltÚ -!–!%
c;f/_ df o'jfx¿;Fu r'gfj / /fhgLlt ;DaGwL ul/Psf]
;j]{If0fn] /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o 36gfx¿k|lt
o'jfx¿sf] rf;f] Psbd} sd /x]sf] b]vfpF5 . lbgfg'lbg
c/fhs x'Fb} uO/x]sf] jt{dfg /fhgLltk|lt o'jf ju{n] ljZn]if0ffTds
;f]r /fVg} kb{5 / ;xL of unt h] xf] Tof] eGg] ;fx; klg /fVg'kb{5 .
…cfOÚ, …dLÚ / …dfO;]NkmÚ
sf] …sf]s'gÚ leq afFlr/x]sf o'jfx¿n]
clnslt aflx/ Rofpg] ;fx; b]vfpg} kb{5 .
/fhgLltnfO{ o'jf ju{n] kmf]xf]/L v]n 7fGg' / g]t[Tj ju{n]
pbfx/0fLo sfd u/]/ b]vfpg c;kmn /x]sf sf/0f tGg]/Lx¿sf]
rf;f] /fhgLltdf sd ePsf] x'g;S5 . o;af/] tGg]/L k':tfeGbf
/fhgLlt1 g} lrlGtt x'g'knf{ .
;sf/fTds / v'zLsf] s'/f s] xf] eg] clwsf+z o'jfx¿n]
klxnf] k|fyldstf ;"rLdf k9fO clg …sl/c/Ú
nfO{ /fv]sf /x]5g\ .
;hLj
;t\u}Fof
tLgs'g], sf7df8f}F
d]/f] lrGtf
…wGojfbM ef/t–kfls:tfgÚ -!–!%
c;f/_ ;DkfbsLo ;fGble{s nfUof] . ;Defljt …ef/t–kfsÚ
cf0fljs o'4 /f]lsg' :jfutof]Uo s'/f xf] . t/, g]kfndf
kfls:tfgL ljdfg ;]jf rn]kl5 cfO{P;cfO{ / cn sfobf g]kfnsf]
af6f] eP/ ef/t l5g]{ ;Defjgf x'G5 . aLaL;L jN8{ Go"hsf
cg';f/ cn sfobfn] cfˆgf] c8\8f ckmuflg:tfgaf6 kfls:tfg
;f/]sf] 5 / olb l5g{ rfx] g]kfn–ef/t v'nf l;dfgfsf]
nfe p7fpFb} oL sf7df8f}F eP/ ef/t l5g]{5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df
d]/f] lrGtf olQ xf] ls cfˆgf] ljZjJofkL k|efj a9fpg
xfd|f] d'n'ssf cftÍsf/L ;d"xnfO{ olb ltgn] d2t
lbg yfn] eg] s] xf]nf < cjZo klg To; l:yltdf xfd|f]
;d:of a9\g]5 .
cfsfz
n'lDagL cfFvf c:ktfn, e}/xjf
Nofpg]5
sndn] qmflGt
æe'6fgsf g]kfnL ;flxTosf/M st}af6 ;xfg'e"lt 5}gÆ -!^–#!
h]7_ df ;flxTosf/x¿n] ef]u]sf b'vb\ syf k9\g kfpFbf
dg s'Fl8of] . uf}/LzÍ/ clwsf/L / b]jLeQm nfld6f/]
h:tf ;flxTosf/sf sndn] e"6fgdf kSs} qmflGt Nofpg ;xof]u
k'¥ofpnf eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn]F . sNkgfsf] ;fu/df
8'a'NsL df/L oyfy{ ;dfhsf] cWoog ug]{ ;flxTonfO{ ;dfhn]
slxn] cg'Tkfbs dfGg 5f8\nf < of] k|Zg Tof] n]v k9]kl5
plAhof] .
s]zj
lIflth
rGb|lgufxk'/
bf]ifL
sf] <
;Í6sf ;"qwf/ s'g} Ps JolQmljz]if geP/ /fhgLltnfO{
cfˆgf] :jfy{ cg';f/ kl/eflift ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ g]tfx¿
x'g\ . …len]gsf /f]ndf z]/]bfOÚ -!^–#!
h]7_ eg]sf] lrQ a'‰]g . kf6L{ ;efkltsf] ¿kdf
lul/hfk|;fbnfO{ lsg len]g b]Vg g;s]sf] < jf:tljs
s'/f t 7"nf ;fF9]x¿sf] h'wfOdf ;fwf/0f sfo{stf{
ldlrFb}5g\ . g]tfx¿nfO{ kf] b]zsf] l:yltaf/]
s'g} lrGtf 5}g t Û
;'a|t
:jf/, ;'oz :jf/
kf]=a=g+= %)#, sf7df8f}F
z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ dfq} jt{dfg ;Í6sf] bf]ifL lsg
b]v]sf] a'´g ;lsPg . k|wfgdGqLn] hgfb]z
lng vf]Hg] …/fhgLlts cfF6Ú nfO{ k|hftGqdf Iflt
k'¥ofpg vf]Hg] ;+j}wflgs …s'Ú sf] ¿kdf
lsg x]g]{ < olb ;+;b lj36g ug]{ sfdaf6 k|hftGqnfO{
;Í6df kf/]sf] cy{ nufpg] xf] eg] o;df sfª\u|];sf]
;Í6sf …jf:tljs ;"qwf/Ú ;efklt klg
sd bf]ifL 5}gg\ . ;efklt sf]O/fnfsf] ax'dt /x]sf] kf6L{sf]
;+:yfkgf kIfsf] lgb]{zgsf] cj1f u/]/ b]pjfn] hlt cg'zf;gxLg
sfd u/]sf 5g\ Tolt g} b]pjfsf] ax'dt /x]sf] ;+;bLo bnsf]
rfxgfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ sf]O/fnfn] klg u}/lhDd]jf/ sfd u/]sf
5g\ . jf:tjdf ;+;bLo k4ltdf kf6L{ eGbf ;+;bLo bnsf]
Hofbf dxŒj x'G5 . kf6L{ / ;+;bLo bnsf] aLrdf zlQmsf]
/:;fs:;L ePsf] 38Ldf k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;bLo bnnfO{ g} alnof]
kfg]{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . o;af6 u'? sf]O/fnfn] a]nfa]nf
p7fpg] u/]sf] …k|wfgdGqLo k4ltÚ nfO{ alnof]
kfg]{ sfddf r]nf b]pjf ;xfos g} ePsf] dfGg'k5{ .
/fhfsf] xftdf clwsf/ hfnf eGg] dgu9Gt] cfzÍf af]sL
;+j}wflgs cEof;sf] k|lqmofnfO{ k|ltudgsf/L rfn 7fGg' ckl/kSj
;f]rfO xf] . k|hftGqdf lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 hgtfn] cfˆgf]
dt hfx]/ ug]{ cj;/ g} Pp6f o:tf] pkfo xf] h;af6 ;a} vfn]
k|ltlqmofjfbL, cg'bf/jfbL, pu|jfdkGyL / ;QfkIfLox¿nfO{
cfˆgf] …;fOhÚ / cf}sftdf /fVg ;lsG5 .
t;y{, k|hftGq hf]ufpg] xf] eg] dWofjlw lgjf{rgnfO{ ;kmn
kfg]{ k|oTgdf ;a} nfUg'k5{ .
vu]Gb|
lu/L …sf]lknfÚ
wDaf]‰L, g]kfnu~h–!
s';L{af6 aflxl/Fbf k|hftGqdfly vt/f b]Vg] lul/hfk|;fb g}
cfwf bzseGbf a9L b]zsf] k|hftflGqs zf;s aGg'eof] .
t/, vf]O{ pxfF k|hftflGqs ;+:sf/sf] pbfx/0f ag]sf] <
s'g} klg s'/fdf cfkm"n] ;+:sf/ a;fpg g;Sg], pN6} cfˆgf]
zf;gsfnsf ePsf ;a} lj;Ëltx¿ jt{dfg k|wfgdGqLdfly
yf]kg]{ < g]kfnL sfªu|];df sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf] of]ubfg
7"nf] xf]nf, t/ o;sf] dtna of] xf]Og ls cfˆg}
j8fdf r'gfj lhTg g;Sg]x¿, k"j{ hflu/] / k"j{
k~rx¿nfO{ hah{:tL g]t[Tj lbP/ p;n] ;ª\3if{zLn
/ OdfGbf/ sfo{stf{sf] xTof u/f];\ .
/fdaxfb'/
af]u6L
wgu9L, s}nfnL, xfnM d}tLb]jL
oyfy{sf] w/ftndf pleP/ ul/Psf] l6Kk0fLn] g]tfx¿nfO{
;b\a'l4 b]cf];\, k|hftGq, afFrf];\, xTof lx+;f /f]lsO{,
;sf/fTds /fhg}lts w|'jLs/0fsf] 9f]sf v'nf];\, h;n] ubf{
;j{;fwf/0fn] zflGtk"j{s hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg\ .
/d]z
9sfn
Og?jf–(, anfxf, ;'g;/L
bnLo zf;g Joj:yfdf bn / ;/sf/sf]
;DaGw ;xof]ufTds x'g'kb{5 . t/, g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts
kl/b[ZonfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] bnsf g]tf / sfo{stf{n]
bnut eGbf :jfy{ut /fhgLlt u/]sf]] kfOG5 . bnn] lbPsf]
lgb]{zg ;/sf/n] gdfGg] / ;/sf/n] dfu]sf] ;xof]u bnn] lbg
gvf]Hg] ePkl5 bnLo zf;g k4ltsf] ;+:s[lt g} lanfP/ t hfFb}g
<
k|efs/
ld>
u|fdL0f AofÍ, g]kfnu~h
…u'?Ú lul/hfk|;fbsf]
kb cg'z/0f ug]{ …r]nfÚ b]pjfsf] dWofjlw 3f]if0ff
lbpF;} ;kgf b]Vb} lxF8\g] aNv' b/af/sf dfs'g]x¿ afx]s
b]z / k|hftGqsf] nflu b'ef{Uo g} xf] . t/, ´ofn9f]sf
y'g]/ lj/fnf] s'6]kl5 p;n] 3fF6L g;dft]/ s] u/f];\ Û
t'n;L lu/LnfO{ ;/fKb}df jf lu/Lsf] kª\lQmdf b]pjf ldl;of]
eg]/ s;}n] klg geg] x'G5 . ob'j+zL sfª\u|];x¿sf]
rfnf b]Vbf ;q ;fn /fhf dx]Gb|n] xf]Og sfª\u|];n] g}
NofPsf]df clwsf+z g]kfnL ca kSsf ePsf 5g\ . @&
sflQskl5 k|hftGq e;]{nfd} hfnf, b]z / hgtf t h;f]t;f] /xnfg\ .
t/, e|i6frf/sf cfxfndf 8'a]sf sfª\u|]; nufotsf cGo
bnx¿ sxfF hfnfg\ <
ljZj
ljho nfn >]i7
kf]v/f
xfd|f]
b'ef{Uo
…k|hftGq afFRnf <Ú -!^–#!
h]7_ ;fGble{s 5 . x7ft\ ul/Psf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g
/ dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ffnfO{ h'g;'s} sf]0faf6 x]/]
klg To;n] /fi6«nfO{ k|ltudgsf] vt/ftkm{ 8f]¥ofPsf]
b]lvG5 . æcfkm" k|hftGqsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf]
;+/IfsÆ egL bfaL ug]{ b]pjfn] cfˆgf] :jfy{df
/fli6«o :jfy{sf] cj;fg u/fOlbP/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] wHhL
dfq p8fpg'ePsf] 5}g, cfˆg} JolQmTj / ljutnfO{ w"nf]df
ldnfOlbg'ePsf] 5 . o; kl/l:yltdf Pdfn] d"sbz{s
aGg' b]zsf] lglDt eoÍ/ b'ef{Uo xf] .
tf]ofgfy
jdf{
dfbL, ;+v'jf;ef
aL;f}F
xf]Og bzf}F xf]
…sfª\u|]; ca s] x'G5 <Ú -!^–#!
h]7_ df …casf] af6f]Ú cGtu{t Pp6f x/kmdf sfª\u|];sf]
aL;f}F dxflwj]zg /x]5, t/ x'g'kg]{ bzf}F dxflwj]zg xf]Og
/ < Pdfn]sf k|bLk g]kfnn] …d'n'ssf] cu|ultsf nflu
sfª\u|]; km'6\g'k5{Ú eg]sf] clxn] ;fGble{s ePsf]
5 .
ldng
s]= /fjt
pnf{jf/L–$, df]/ª
;d:of s]Gb|Ls/0f
æsf7df8f}Fsf] cxd\ / ;fvÆ -!^–#! h]7_
cToGt} ;fGble{s nfUof] . b]zsf ;a} ;d:ofx¿sf]
h8 /fHooGq / gful/s ;dfhsf] sf7df8f}Fd'vL ;f]r / sfdu/fO
xf] .
b]zel/ 5l/g'kg]{ cj;/ / ;'ljwfx¿ sf7df8f}Fdf y'lk|Pkl5
dfG5]x¿
sf7df8f}F gcf]Ol/g] s'/f] ePg . xfd|f] ;f]rfOdf / sfddf
ljs]Gb|Ls/0f gcfP;Dd sfdkfsf d]o/ s]zj :yflktn] ;8s hlt
km/flsnf] kf/] klg of gf} j6f d]nDrL cfP klg sf7df8f}F cfhh:t}
eb|uf]n /lx/xg]5 / b]zsf] 7"nf] efu pk]lIft x'g'sf]
kL8f af]s]/ afFlr/xg]5 .
/fHooGq / of]hgfsf/x¿n] sf7df8f}Fdf cf]Ol/g] hgk|jfxnfO{
/f]Sg] sbd rfNg'k5{ . sf7df8f}Faflx/ nufgL a9fpg' To;sf
nflu klxnf] sbd x'g;S5 . z}lIfs ;+:yf, pBf]uwGbf /
c:ktfnx¿ sf7df8f}Faflx/ vf]lnpg\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|f]T;flxt
ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu sf7df8f}Faf6 hlt 6f9f / b'u{d
If]qdf nufgL x'Fb}5 Tolt g} s/ 5"6 jf cGo cfsif{0fx¿
lbg ;lsG5 . s]xL ;/sf/L s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / dGqfnox¿
klg sf7df8f}F aflx/ ;f/L ax'/fhwfgLsf] wf/0ff klg z'? ug{
;lsG5 .
b]zsf] aaf{bLsf] bf]if s]Gb|Ls/0f xf] / To;sf] efuLbf/ eg]sf
kb kfPkl5 sf7df8f}Fd} 38]/L hf]8\g] pRrkb:y sd{rf/L, g]tf
/ sdfPkl5 cfˆgf] ufpF kms]{/ ghfg] a'l4hLjLx¿
g} x'g\ . To;}n] ca xfd|f] cleofg æljs]Gb|Ls/0f
/ ufpFkms{Æ g} x'g'k5{ .
a;Gts'df/
uf}td
OlGhlgol/Ë SofDk;, kf]v/f
b]zsf x/]s sfo{x¿ s]Gb|df dfq ;Lldt kfl/Psf] 5, h;n]
ubf{ lglZrt ju{ / hfltn] dfq cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ . ;fy}
b]zsf] s'gfs'gfdf uO{ sfd ug'{sf] ;§f tL sfo{qmdx¿nfO{
/fhwfgLd} a;L ;DkGg ug{ vf]]h]sf] kfOG5 . of] sfo{
;/sf/L kIfdf dfq geP/ x/]s kIfdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . h;n]
ubf{ sfo{qmdsf] s'g} klg cf}lrTo /xFb}g . o;y{, x/]s
sfo{x¿nfO{ a]n}df ;do;fk]If 9Ën] b]zsf x/]s
If]qdf ;~rfng u/]df ;a}n] cj;/ kfpg]5g\ . ;fy}, b]zn]
klg ;xL dfu{ lng]5 .
lbks
ltt'Ë,
O6x/f–@, df]/ª
s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;d:ofk|lt ;+j]bgzLn
ePsf] sfo{ k|z+;gLo 5 . t/, cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{
k|hftGqjfbL dfG5] x'F eg]/ gfs km'nfpg] g]kfnL /fhgLltsf
ljlzi6 v]nf8Lx¿sf] cfFvf o;n] v'Nnf <
pd]z
kf]v/]n
Og?jf–&, ;'g;/L
km]l/ rNof]
dgdf 5'/f
…Kof/f /fhf/fgLÚ -!^–#! h]7_ df 5flkPsf
tl:a/x¿n] aNnaNn lgsf] x'g nfu]sf] 3fp aN‰]h:tf]
eof] / cfFvf /;fP/ cfP . /fhf/fgL xfdLaLr gePsf] Ps
jif{ lat]5 . lxhf]h:tf] nfUg] 36gf Oltxf; ag]5 .
t/, lxdfn df lbPsf kmf]6fx¿ Hofb} sd eP . 8f=
vu]Gb| a= >]i7n] lvr]sf !^$ dWo] sDtLdf klg !%–@)
j6f tl:a/ 5flklbPsf] eP s] lalu|GYof] / <
;'idf
9sfn
lj/f6gu/–$, b'wkmf/d, df]/ª
/ldt]
;/sf/
…qm]h cd]l/sfsf]Ú -!^–#! h]7_ cg';f/
cWoog nufot ljleGg lgx'F agfP/ o'jf k':tf ljb]z efl;g] qmd
a9\bf] 5 . ef]lnsf] g]kfn xfFSg] ju{nfO{ ljb]z hfg]
dfu{ k|;:t ul/lbP/ ;/sf/ s] /ldtf x]l//x]sf] 5 <
g]qs'df/
g]kfn
xfnM a'6an
sfNklgs
s'/f]
…ljZjf; knfpFb}5Ú -!–!% h]7_ df dfcf]jfbL
k|lt hg;dy{g 36]sf] tyf ;/sf/, ;]gfk|lt ljZjf; knfpFb}5
eGg] cfzo k|s6 ul/Psf] /x]5 . t/, dfcf]jfbLk|lt hg;dy{g
3l6/x]sf] 5 ljZjfl;nf] tYo eg] n]vdf
e]l6Fb}g .
dfcf]jfbL k|lt ;dy{g 36]s} eP klg 36\g yfNg'sf] cy{ ;/sf/
of ;]gf -xfn ;'/Iff kmf}h elgg]_ k|lt ;dy{g a9]sf]
¿kdf lng' k6Ss} x'Fb}g, / ;/sf/ / ;'/Iff kmf}hk|lt
hg;dy{g a9\g] sfd ;/sf/ / ;]gfn] u/]sf klg 5}gg\ .
lsgeg] pgLx¿n] ;d:ofsf] h/f] yfxf kfP/ klg gkfP h:tf]
ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;d:ofsf] h/f] of h8sf] cf]vlt
-klg 5_ ug'{sf] ;§f dflydfly af?bsf] bjfO dfq 5s]{/
hg;dy{g kfOFb}g . ;]gfsf] 8/ / wDsLn] dfq st} st} ;]gfnfO{
-;/sf/nfO{ rflxF xf]Og_ ;xof]u u/]sf] h:tf] b]lvPsf] dfq
xf] . ;xL cy{df eGg] xf] eg] c;dfg, k"FhLjfb /
d'¶Le/ dfG5]x¿sf] zf]if0f ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ 5"6
k'¥ofpg] b]zsf] gLltaf6 lklN;Psf hgtfn] ;/sf/ / ;]gfnfO{
dg}b]lv ;xof]u u/]sf] kfOFb}g . lsgeg] ;/sf/ ;]gfsf]
:jfy{sf nflu dfq sfd u5{ / ;'/Iff kmf}hn] ToxL ;/sf/sf]
/Iff u5{ .
1fg
axfb'/ a:g]t, ;Hhfb cxdb
vgf/, ;'g;/L
x[bo:kzL{
jfSo
blnt cfof]usf k|yd cWoIf kbdl;+x ljZjsdf{sf] cGtjf{tf{ æ5'jf5't
blntsf] dfq ;d:of xf]OgÆ -!–!% h]7_ Hofb}
x[bo:kzL{ nfUof] .
xl:tdfg
k'g,
s';'GtL, nlntk'/
k|Zgf]Q/
k|ZgM k|hftGq afFRnf <
pQ/M gafFr] s] km/s k5{ < g'g afg{ kb}{g skfn vf}l/g
/ 6'kL kmfNg kb}{g Û
e'jg
cof{n
UjfbL df=lj=, UjfbL, u'NdL
