;'/Iffsf nflu ;ts{tf

gdg]{ x'g pBf]u hlt lj1fg ub{5Ù
plQ ub{5 of] 1fg vfln e]b olQdf–
1fg db{5 xfF;]/, /f]O{ lj1fg db{5 . 

afns[i0f ;dn] …k|XnfbÚ gf6sdf 1fg / lj1fgnfO{ v'6\ofpg] qmddf cl3;f/]sf] of] cleJolQm cfw'lgs h}ljs k|ljlwsf] hGdeGbf krf;f}F jif{ k'/fgf] eP klg o;sf] dd{ eg] lbgk/lbg c¿ phfu/ x'Fbf] 5 . cfh h}ljs k|ljlwsf] rdTsf/ ;[li6stf{ a|XdfnfO{ g} 5Sofpg] lsl;dsf] eO;Sof] . of] k|ljlwaf6 xfdL dfgj hflt slt ;'/lIft jf c;'/lIft eof}F eGg] k|ZgnfO{ lnP/ ljZj lrlGtt klg 5 . To;}n] h}ljs ;'/Iff -jfof];]ˆ6L_ sf] k|ZgnfO{ lnP/ cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwkqdf g]kfn nufot !)$ /fi6«x¿n] cfˆgf] ;xdlt hgfO;s]sf 5g\ . oL !)$ b]zdf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf eg] kb}{g . lsgeg], h}ljs nufot ;a}h;f] k|ljlwsf] xf]8afhLdf pm g} cu|kª\lQmdf 5, pm alnof] 5, To;}n] pm cfkm" ;lGwåf/f afFlwg rfxFb}g . t/ h}ljs k|ljlw s[lqd dfgj ;d]t lgdf{0f ug]{ r/0fdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] o;af6 cd]l/sf klg lrlGtt / ql;t x'gk'u]sf] 5 . x'g klg olb s'g} h}ljs sDkgLn] Ps} ?ksf xhf/f}F h'DNofxf dfOs 6fO;g jf Dof8f]gf lgdf{0f ul/lbof] eg] of] ljZjsf] :j?k s:tf] xf]nf, dfgj eljio s] xf]nf < To;}n] xf]nf, xfn;fn} cd]l/sfn] k|of]uzfnfdf k|lt–cfs[ltsf dfgj agfpg] sfo{ dfq x}gÙ To; lbzftkm{sf] cg';GwfgnfO{ g} cj}w 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .

	lxdfnL e]ult/ kfOg] u'Rr] Rofp Ps dxTjk"0f{ h}ljs ;Dkbf xf] . k|lt lsnf]u|fd ?= %))) ;Dd kg]{ of] hËnL Rofpsf] /Iff ug{ klg xfd|f] jftfj/0fnfO{ j+zf0f'ut k|b"if0faf6 hf]ufpg' cfjZos 5 . nfe|] sL/fdf 9';L nfu]/ Rofp -;a}eGbf bfofF_ pd]|kl5 of;f{u'Daf aG5 . of] cfkm}Fdf Pp6f b'n{e / ax'd"No h8La'6L xf] .

h}ljs k|ljlwn] ljz]if u/]/ afnLgfnL, kmnkm"n, hLjf0f' tyf kfNt' kz'df clws ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . t/ ltgaf6 x'g] ;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds k|efjsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ Ifdtf xfdL h:tf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x¿;Fu Psbd} Go"g 5 . To;}n] h}ljs ;Dkbfsf wgL t/ /f]uef]saf6 u|l;t hg;ª\Vofsf] rfkdf k/]sf /fi6«x¿ a]n}df ;r]t xf]pg\ eGg] clek|foaf6 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] h}ljs ;'/Iff ;lGw -sf6]{u]gf k|f]6f]sn cg jfof];]ˆ6L_ sf] kxn ug'{nfO{ ;/fxgLo dfGg'k5{ . zfob, lj1fg /f]P/ dnf{ eGg] eon] g} o;tkm{sf] lrGtgnfO{ hufPsf] x'g'k5{ .

ljZj ;d'bfosf] cfXjfgdf xfd|f] h:tf ljsf;f]Gd'v jf cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿ ljleGg ;lGw / dxf;lGwdf NofKr] nufP/ eP klg ;xL ub{5g\ . olt gu/]df cfˆgf] cl:tTj klg 68\sf/f] gx'g] ePsf]n] ;xL eg] 7f]lsxfN5f}F t/ To;kl5sf c¿ sbd rfNg] rf;f] / zlQm eg] b]vfpg ;Sb}gf}F . h}ljs ;'/Iffsf] ;lGwnfO{ hGd lbg] h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw -sGe]G;g cg jfof]nf]lhsn 8fOel;{6L–!((@_ df g]kfnn] Tolta]nf g} ;xdlt hgfPsf] lyof] . pQm dxf;lGw sfof{Gjog ug{sf] lglDt cfjZos /fli6«o sfo{gLlt th'{df ug{ g]kfn h'6]sf] rf/–kfFr jif{ gfl3;Sof] . t/ Tof] b:tfj]h k|zf;lgs ;+/rgfsf] ue{af6 cfh;Dd aflx/ lg:sg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n], pk/f]Qm dxf;lGwsf] Pp6f k|fjwfgaf6 hGd]sf] sf6]{u]gf k|f]6f]sn cg'?k h}ljs ;'/Iffsf gLlt, sfo{gLlt jf lgb]{lzsf g]kfndf slxn] / s;/L aGnf eg]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] s'/f ePg . t}klg h}ljs k|ljlwsf] cfw'lgs ljsf;n] l;h]{sf kl/jlt{t gofF hLjfTdfx¿ Pn\Pd\cf]  (Living Modified Organisms) af6 k|fKt x'g] k|ltkmnn] dfgj :jf:Yo, h}ljs ;Dkbf tyf jftfj/0fdf kg{ hfg] gsf/fTds k|efjaf/] g} eP klg ;a}n] hfgsf/L /fVg' cTofjZos eO;s]sf] 5 .

h}ljs ;'/Iffsf s'/f ubf{ ljz]iftM s[lqd ¿kdf kl/jlt{t k|f0fL -jg:klt ;d]t_ sf] hLjfTdfsf] ;Gbe{ a9L rrf{df cfpg] x'G5 . x'g klg xfd|f] lxGb" wd{ / ;+:s[ltn] to u/]sf cjwf/0ffx¿ klg h}ljs k|ljlwsf lglDt b[i6fGt g} x'g\ . xfQLsf] 6fpsf] dfG5]df hf]8]/ u0f]zhL lgdf{0f eof]Ù xfd|f] wfld{s dfGotfdf . bIf k|hfkltnfO{ af]sfsf] 6fpsf] hf]l8lbof}F, g[l;+xsf] cjtf/} aGof] / o:tf pbfx/0fx¿ cGo wd{ / ;+:s[ltdf klg k|z:t} kfOG5 . o:tf k|f0fL ;a}nfO{ PnPdcf] g} eGg' knf{ t/ tL ;a} cjtf/ dfq x'g\ . u0f]zhLn] xfQL 6fps] 5f]/f5f]/L hGdfpg ;s]gg\ . lsgeg] pgdf j+zfg'ut kl/jt{g ePsf] lyPg . jt{dfg k|ljlwn] z/L/sf] d'6' / d[uf}nf dfq} x}g j+zf0f' ;d]t g} k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . hgfj/sf] j+zf0f' afnLdf k|Tof/f]k0f ePsf] 5 / To; afnLn] cfˆgf ;Gtltdf ;f] j+zf0f' x:tfGt/0f ub}{ hfG5 . o:tf] hLj jf jg:kltnfO{ j+zf0f';lxt g} ?kfGtl/t k|f0fL hLPd\cf] (Genetically Modified Organisms)  elgG5 . o:tf pTkfbgx¿ clt g} ck|fs[lts ePsfn] ltgaf6 x'g;Sg] ljs[lt / ljgf;af/] clxn];Dd w]/} s'/f yfxf 5}g . To;}n] xfd|f] Wofg a]n}df k'Ug' k5{ eGg] dfGotfdf 6]s]/ sf]nlDaofsf] sf6]{u]gf zx/df h}ljs ;'/Iff ljifos ;lGwsf] d:of}bf ePsf] xf] .

h}ljs k|ljlwn] ljut b'O{÷tLg bzsb]lv cg]sf}F o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf ;Í]tx¿ xfd|f];fd' cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . o;sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;sf/fTds kIf s[lif pTkfbgsf] If]qdf b]lvPsf] 5 . ljZjsf] lglZrt e"efu / clglZrt hg;ª\Vof aLr ;Gt'ng /fVg s[lif pTkfbgdf cTolws j[l4 / ltgsf] u'0ffTds ;'wf/lt/ h}ljs k|ljlwn] qmflGtsf/L e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{ vfFrf] 68\sf/f] 5 . ljZjsf] &) k|ltzt hg;ª\Vof c‰} klg s[lifdf lge{/ 5 . c¿n] dfq pdf/]sf] vfB kbfy{ pkef]u ug]{ hg;ª\Vof s]jn #) k|ltzt 5 . of] &)M#) sf] cg'kft lbgk/lbg ablnFbf] 5 . yf]/} hldg / c‰ yf]/} ls;fgn] ckf/ dflg;nfO{ kfNg'kg]{ ePsf]n] h}ljs k|ljlwnfO{ pTkfbgd'vL agfpg' h?/L 5 . To;}n] j}1flgsx¿ vfBfGg, kmnkm"n, u]8fu'8L, t/sf/L, ;fukft cflb lj?jfsf j+zf0f'dfly lgoGq0f sfod ug{ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . kmn:j?k a9L pTkfbg lbg], sL6 ljiffbL k|of]u ug{ gkg]{, ljifd kl/j]zdf klg pTkfbg lbg], cfjZostf cg';f/sf] kf}li6s kbfy{ klg k|fKt x'g] ljz]if u'0f ;DkGg s[lif pTkfbg yfnel/ k:sg ;lsg] lbg glhs} cfOk'u]sf] 5 . t/ o:tf pTkfbgsf] ufF; l6Kg'eGbf klxn] s]xL ;ts{tf eg] ckgfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . xfd|f l5d]sL /fi6«x¿ ef/t, kfls:tfg / afª\nfb]zn] sf6]{u]gf k|f]6f]sn cg'?k cf–cfˆgf h}ljs ;'/Iffsjr lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf, j+zf0f'ut ¿kdf ?kfGtl/t aLh, lj?jf, jGohGt', hLjf0f' cflbsf] k|efj cWoog ug]{, ltgnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ / ;'/Iffsf ljlw lgwf{/0f ug]{ ljleGg lgb]{lzsfx¿ tof/ u/]sf 5g\ . ef/t cfkm}F klg h}ljs k|ljlwsf] ljsf;tkm{ ljz]if ¿kdf pGd'v 5 . g]kfn l5d]ssf] k|efjaf6 cnu x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] h}ljs k|ljlwsf] If]qdf p;n] Go"gtd ;fdYo{ sfod /fVg' ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . unt cfr/0f / hyfefjL n;k;n] k|f0f3fts P8\; /f]u lgDTofP h:t} hyfefjL aLp, lj?jf cfoft–lgof{t ugf{n] s[lif k|0ffnL / v]tLkftL hf]lvddf kg]{ ;Defjgf 68\sf/f] 5 .

cf}Bf]lus qmflGt / To;kl5sf ljsf;n] hn, :yn, jfo' / cfsfznfO{ /f;folgs k|b"if0fo'Qm agfPh:t} h}ljs k|ljlwsf] qmflGtn] j+zf0f'sf] k|b"if0faf6 xfd|f] xl/t jftfj/0fnfO{ To;}u/L k|efj kfg{ ;S5 . ?kfGtl/t j+zf0f' af]s]sf aLh–lj?jfx¿af6 xfdL slt ;'/lIft jf hf]lvddf 5f}F eGg] ;'lglZrt geP;Dd o:tf aLp lj?jf leœofpg' x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fdf vf;u/]/ ljZjsf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] cfjfh p7fPsf 5g\ . o; k|;Ëdf ;'gf}nf] rfdn -uf]N8]g /fO;_ sf] eftsf] rrf{ pko'Qm xf]nf . of] eft ef/ts} yfnel/ klg kl:sOg yfn]sf] 5 . ;'gf}nf rfdn s] xf] t < u'gs]z/L km"nsf] Ps j+zf0f'nfO{  cfw'lgs k|ljlwåf/f wfgsf] j+zf0f'df k|j]z u/fP/ :jL6\h/Nof08 / hd{gLsf j}1flgsx¿n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] Ps gf}nf] wfg xf] of] . o;sf] eft vfFbf le6fldg …PÚ :jtM k|fKt x'G5 . of] wfgsf lgdf{tfx¿sf] bfaL 5, of] wfgsf] k|of]u a9fP/ Pl;ofsf nfvf}F s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdLaf6 x'g] /tGwf]af6 arfpg ;lsG5 . t;y{ of] k|ljlwsf] d"n nIo ;]jf g} xf] eGg] ts{ pgLx¿sf] 5 . t/ o;}aLr, of] gofF wfg / o;sf] j+zf0f' tyf lgdf{0f k|ljlw ;DaGwL 1fgsf] Psflwsf/ -k]6]G6 /fO6_ 7"nf Jofkfl/s sDkgLnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ sfd eO;s]sf] 5 . o; cy{df, /f]uef]s u|:t hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ lgx'F b]vfP/ cfˆgf] Jofkfl/s Psflwsf/ sfod ug]{ d"n nIolt/ o; k|ljlwsf k|jt{sx¿ pGd'v 5g\ eGg] cf/f]k nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . ;'gf}nf wfgsf ;DaGwdf ef/tLo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ ljz]if rgfvf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 / o; gf}nf] wfgaf6 kg{ hfg] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftjf/0fLo k|efjk|lt ToxfF cfjfh p7\g klg yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfndf afnL ljz]if1x¿ klg o;k|lt ;r]t 5g\ t/ ;/sf/L sfo{ k|fyldstf o; lbzflt/ pGd'v eO;s]sf] eg] 5}g .

j+zf0f'ut ¿kdf ?kfGtl/t k|f0fLaf6 pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljs[ltÙ j}1flgs hut :jo+n] hfg] ;'g]eGbf a9L x'G5 . ;dosf] s;Ldf gvfl/Psf], ;dfhdf gdfl‰Psf] / jftfj/0fdf cg's"nl;4 gePsf] k|ljlw leœofpg'cl3 k"/f ;f]rljrf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf b'O{dt gxf]nf . g]kfn h:tf] s[lif k|wfg b]zdf k/Dk/fut s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojwfg gk'Ug] k|Tofe"lt ug'{ xfd|f] bfloTj klg xf] . o; ;Gbe{df, ls;fgLsf] d"n cfwf/ aLp xf] . h}ljs k|ljlwn] k|bfg ug]{ j/bfgn] ls;fgnfO{ aLpsf lglDt k/fwLg agfpF5 . Psk6ssf] k|of]ud} j+z cGTo u/fpg] -6ld{g]6/ hLg_ ePsf] aLp ls;fgn] s'g} sDkgLaf6 lsGg'kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf] aLpaf6 Psk6snfO{ kof{Kt pTkfbg of k|ltkmn k|fKt x'G5 . t/ of] gofF pTkfbg leqsf] aLp eg] km]l/ /f]Kg ldNb}g, Tof] kmNb}g . j}1flgsx¿n] To;df :jtM j+z cGTo ug]{ cs}{ j+zf0f' l5/fOlbPsf x'G5g\ . cGttM ls;fgx¿ gk'+;st'No x'g k'U5g\, aLpdflysf] pgLx¿sf] k/Dk/fut lgoGq0f u'D5 . ls;fgx¿ o;/L ax'/fli6«o aLp sDkgLsf] aGwgdf kmF:g k'U5g\ aN5Ldf c8\s]sf df5f ;/L . o; rk]6fdf gkg{ xfd|f l5d]sL /fi6«x¿ k|oTg/t 5g\ / xfdL klg ;hu x'g'kg]{ cj:yf cfO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;'gf}nf eft xfd|f nflu cfxf/f xf] jf aN5Lsf] rf/f xf] eGg] v'6\ofpg c¿ l9nfO{ ug'{x'Fb}g .

j+zf0f'sf] km]/abn ug]{ sflnu8L h]g]l6s OlGhlgol/ªn] xfd|f] h:tf] h}ljs ljljwtfn] ;DkGg b]znfO{ s:tf] k|efj kf5{ eGg] s'/fdf c‰ a9L rgfvf] x'g'k5{ . xfd|f dw]z, t/fO{, lxdfn kxf8 / ef]6 ;d]tsf] df};dL / e"–kl/j]zdf k/LIf0f x'g g;Sg] ljZjsf] s'g} klg afnL jf aLp gxf]nf . o:tf e"–efunfO{ c¿x¿n] k/LIf0f :yn / oxfFsf dflg;nfO{ k|of]usf anL -lugL lku_ agfpg ;S5g\ . To;}n] hgtf :jo+ klg ;r]t / 6f7f] / ;/sf/ k|ljlws ¿kdf ;Ifd x'g'k5{ . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;Gbe{df Ps ?kfGtl/t ds} / k|fs[t k'tnL ljZje/ rrf{df cfPsf] klg 5 . lj6L (Bt) eGg] 5f]6s/L gfd af]s]sf] Ps k|sf/sf] ;"Id AofS6]l/of (Bacillus thuringiensis) sf] j+zf0f' -hLg_ ds}sf] j+zf0f'df yk]/ gf}nf] ds} lgdf{0f eof] . of] ds}sf] af]6nfO{ afnL gf:g] sL/fn] vfFbf ;f] sL/f :jtM gi6 x'g] u'0f pQm ds}df sfod eof] . kmn:j?k pTkfbgdf w]/} j[l4 eof] / ls;fgx¿ Hofb} nfeflGjt klg eP . lkmlnlkG;df o;sf] :jfut klg eof] . ToxfFsf ls;fgx¿ cfˆgf] k/Dk/fut aLp 5f]8]/ cd]l/sfaf6 pQm ds}sf] aLp l‰sfpg yfn] . s]xL jif{kl5 pQm ds}sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj af/] cg';Gwfg ubf{ Pp6f gf}nf] s'/f k|sfzdf cfof] . ds}sf] k/fu vfg] Ps k|sf/sf] /}yfg] k'tnL -df]gfs{ j6/ˆnfO{_ Tof] ds}sf] k/fudf lglxt ljifaf6 dg{ yfn], nf]k x'g yfn] . pQm ds}sf sf/0f ;f] k'tnLsf] j+z g} ;vfk x'g] 8/n] jftfj/0fjfbLx¿n] tLa| ¿kdf cfjfh p7fpg yfn] . o;}u/L lkmlnlkG;sf ls;fgx¿nfO{ k|fKt Ps k|sf/sf] pGgt wfgafnL v]tL ug{ yfn]kl5 c¿ wfgdf gofF gofF /f]u pTkGg ePsf pbfx/0f klg 5g\ . o;/L h}ljs k|b"if0f, Tof] klg j+zf0f'ut k|b"if0fsf pbfx/0fx¿ lj:tf/} lj:tf/} phfu/ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

h]g]l6s OlGhlgol/ª j+zf0f'sf] km]/abn u/L gofF gofF ;"tL{, skf;, cfn', uf]neF]8f, ds}, e6df; dfq x}g ufO{ / cGo kfNt' kz' klg …lgdf{0fÚ ePsf 5g\ . o'/f]k / cd]l/sfsf ahf/df b"w / cfO;lqmdb]lv ;nfbsf Kn]6;Dd h}ljs k|ljlwsf] pTkfbg kl:s;s]sf] 5 . s'g pTkfbg k|fs[t xf] jf s[lqd, xf] Tof] x]/]/–vfP/ yfxf kfOFb}g . t;y{ h}ljs k|ljlwaf6 pTkflbt a:t'x¿df To:tf] hgfpg] k|tLs lrXg x'g'k5{ eGg] rsf]{ dfu o'/f]k]nL b]zx¿n] cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnn] h}ljs ;'/Iffsf ljifodf ;f]Rg' kbf{ !*)) k|sf/sf wfg, rf/ k|sf/sf hËnL k|hflt wfg, cg]sf}F ds}, ux'F / ljleGg k|sf/sf hf}, s?, pjf nufot cGo afnL / /}yfg] kmnkm"n, ;fu t/sf/L tyf kfNt' kz'k+IfL / :yfgLo df5fx¿sf] ;'/Iffk|lt Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfjZos 5 . ltgsf cltl/Qm hg:jf:Yo / jftfj/0fsf ljifodf ljz]if ;f]r /fVg cg';Gwfgzfnf, k|of]uzfnf / k/LIf0f s]Gb|x¿nfO{ h}ljs k|ljlwsf sf/0f cfOkg{ ;Sg] vt/faf6 ;'/lIft agfpg] pkfox¿sf] rog klg ul/g' kb{5 .

g]kfnn] cfˆgf] !* k|ltzteGbf a9L e"efu k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . tLdWo] lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h / ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs'~h ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} z]–kmf]S;'G8f] /fli6«o lgs'~h klg ljZj ;Dkbfdf ;"rLs[t x'g] qmddf 5 . g]kfnsf /fli6«o lgs'~hx¿df u}F8f, xfQL, s:t'/L / lxdlrt'jf dfq x}g of;f{u'Daf / ;k{uGwf nufot ;of}F hl8a'6L klg ;'/lIft 5g\ . ltgsf cltl/Qm xhf/f}F vfB sGbd"n, kmnkm"n / hl8a'6L df}h"b 5g\ . w]/} ;Dkbf t cyfxsf] ue{ leq} 5 . hfkfgL ko{6sn] n'sLl5kL gnu]sf] eP vk6]sL/fsf] d"No klg xfdLnfO{ yfxf x'g] lyPg . t;y{ /fli6«o lgs'~h Pj+ cGo ;+/If0f If]qsf lglDt leGb} h}ljs ;'/Iffsf lgb]{lzsfx¿ aGg'kg]{ / kfngf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ljz]if u/]/ oL lgs'~hsf dWojtL{ If]q -akm/ hf]g_ sf ls;fgx¿n] k|of]u ug]{ jLpljhgaf/] olsg hfgsf/L /fVg'kg]{ / ;'/Iffsf ljlw ckgfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .

cGtdf,

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