cf/8LPS;—s"6gLltaf/Daf/ lsg d'l5G5 g]kfn <

;'wL/ zdf{

sf7df8f}+df tLg jif{ latfP/ :jb]z kms{g] tof/Ldf /x]sf kfls:tfgL s'6gLlt1 df]xDdb c;{b rLdf / pgsL kTgL ?aLgfn] ;f]r]sf klg lyPgg\ xf]nf, pgLx?sf] hLjgdf o:tf] If0f klg cfpg]5 . kfls:tfg kms{g'eGbf Ps lbgcl3 #) r}t @)%& df ha rLdf bDklt cfˆgf ;xsdL{, kfls:tfgL /fhb"tfjf;sf ;}lgs ;xrf/L sg{n ;O{bsxfF …n~rÚ vfP/ kms]{sf dfq lyP, cfwf 306fkl5 ;fF‰ kfFr ah] Ps x'n k|x/L pgLx?sf] lgjf;df k'Uof] / vfgtnfzL ug{ yfNof] . ToxfF lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ e]l6Pkl5 rLdf k|x/L lu/ˆtf/Ldf dfq k/]gg\, kms{g} nfu]sf] a]nf cjfl~5t JolQm -k;{gf–gg–u|f6f_ 3f]lift ul/P/ b]zlgsfnf ;d]t eP .

kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;sf] sG;'n/ zfvfsf k|yd ;lrj c;{b rLdf cfˆgf] ;?jf eP/ hfg nfUbf dxf/fhu~hl:yt lgjf; 5f8L gofF jfg]Zj/df ;rn Ol~hlgol/ª jS;{ gfdsf] kfls:tfgL sDkgLn] ef8fdf lnPsf]  3/df a:b} lyP, hxfF k|x/Ln] 5fkf dfbf{ !^=@ s]=hL= lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ e]l6of] . ;f] kbfy{ cf/8LPS; geO{ To;eGbf klg pRr :t/sf] …Knfl:6s PS;Knf]l;eÚ ePsf] cfzÍf k|x/Ln] u/]sf] 5 / xfn To;sf] j}1flgs kl/If0f eO/x]5 .

gu/ k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs dfwj yfkfsf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] 6f]nLn] 5fkf dfg{ vf]Hbf z'?df rLdfn] /f]Sg] k|of; u/]sf] k|ToIfbzL{sf] bfjL 5 . t/ pgL a;]sf] dflyNnf] tnfdf s]xL ge]6]kl5 k|x/Ln] cfkm"n] NofPsf] …df:6/ lsÚ n] e'FO{ tnfsf] sf]7f vf]Nbf leQfdf hl8t sf7] b/fhaf6 tLg j6f Kofs]6df /flvPsf] lj:kmf]6s km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . rLdfn] tTsfn} æcfkm'nfO{ kmF;fpg s;}n] if8\oGq u/]sf]Æ atfpFb} tL kbfy{;Fu cfˆgf] s'g} ;DaGw gePsf] :kli6s/0f lbPsf lyP . k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fte/L aofg lbFbf klg pgn] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ cfkm"n] /fv]sf] :jLsf/]gg\ . a? ef/tLo u'Ktr/ ;+:yf …/Ú n] cfkm"nfO{ …k|m]dÚ u/]sf] atfP . pQm 36gfnfO{ lnP/ kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;åf/f hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtdf klg ;f] sf08nfO{ if8\oGqsf] ;+1f lbOPsf] 5 .

sf] x'g\ rLdf <

ef/t jf c? s'g} b]zsf u'Ktr/ Ph]G;Lx?af6 cGoGt ulx/f] lsl;dsf] if8\oGq -cG8/se/ ck/]zg_ ePsf] xf]Og eg] rLdfnfO{ lgbf]{if 7fGg ;lsg] cfwf/ e]l6Fb}gg\ . g]kfnL cg';GwfgsdL{x?sf] egfOdf, ef/tLo ldl8ofn] Ol08og Po/nfOG;sf] ljdfg ckx/0f sf08 / @)%% ;fnsf] cf/8LPS; sf08df ;d]t rLdfsf] gfd hf]8] tfklg tL 36gfdf pgsf] ;+nUgtf k'li6 x'g ;s]sf] lyPg t/ o;k6ssf] 36gfdf eg] pgL ;f]‰} ufFl;g k'u]sf 5g\ . ;DejtM o:t} k[i7e"ldsf sf/0f g]kfnn] o;k6s pgnfO{ …cjfl~5tÚ 7x/ u/L b]zlgsfnf u¥of] . o;cl3 k'; @)%^ df gSsnL ef=?=sf] sf/f]jf/ ubf{ k|x/Laf6  ;k|df0f ;dfltPsf kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/L jl;d ;Ja'/nfO{ klg o;}u/L :jb]z lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] lyof] .

Ps ef/tLo l/kf]6{ cg';f/, $% jifL{o rLdf klxn] kfls:tfgL ;]gfsf] …kmf]y{ k~hfa /]lhd]G6Ú sf clws[t lyP . ;g\ !((! df cfˆgf] 3/ /x]sf] kfls:tfgsf] k~hfa k|fGtdf kg]{ l;ofnsf]6df l5d]sL;Fu lvrnf] k/]sf] hUufdf ;}lgs nu]/ sJhf hdfpg vf]h]kl5 pgnfO{ ;]gfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf] lyof] . kl5 pgnfO{ ToxfFsf] u'Ktr/ ;+:yf …cfO{P;\cfO{Ú -OG6/ ;lj{;]h OG6]lnh]G;_ n] s'6gLlts ;]jfdf k|j]z u/fPsf] s'/f ;f] l/kf]6{df pNn]v 5 .

…cfO{P;\cfO{Ú sf] sf7df8f}F :6]zg …rLkmÚ s'6gLlts cfj/0fdf cs}{ JolQm /x]sf] bfjL ;'/Iff ;"qx?sf] 5 . ltgsf] egfOdf rLdf bf];|f] :yfgdf /x] tfklg …lkmN8Ú sf] sfd ;Dxfn]sfn] pgsf] e"ldsf a9L dxTjk"0f{ b]lvGYof] . ;"qsf] egfOdf pgL :yflgo Ph]G6x?nfO{ e]6\g hfFbf s"6gLlts gDa/ Kn]6sf] sf/sf] ;f6f] :s'6/df lxF8\y] . pgn] …;/sf/LÚ afx]s JolQmut wGbf klg ug]{ u/]sf] bfjL ul/G5 . oxfF;Dd ls, pgn] lglZrt /sd lnP/ g]kfnLx?nfO{ O:nfdfjfbaf6 klZrdf d'n's k'¥ofpg]b]lv lnP/ gSsnL d'b|f -8n/ / ef?_ sf] sf/f]jf/ ;d]t ug]{ u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf nfu]sf Ps clwsf/L atfpF5g\ . ægSsnL d'b|fsf] sf/f]jf/af6} pgn] nfvf}F sdfpFy], t}klg xfdLn] n'h 5f8\lbgfn] pgsf] slGkm8]G; a9]sf] x'g;S5 . xfdLn] pgsf] ultljlw jfr ul//fv]sf lyof}F / ToxL qmddf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ lelqPsf] yfxf kfof}F,Æ tL clwsf/Ln] atfP . 

k//fi6« ;"qsf cg';f/, rLdfsf] ;?jf ePkl5 pgsf] 7fpFdf !^ r}td} csf{ s'6gLlt1 cJb'n dflhb sf7df8f}F cfOk'u]sf lyP . To;} sf/0fn] rLdfn] dxf/fhu~hl:yt  …clkml;onÚ lgjf; dflhbnfO{ 5f8\g' k/]sf] lyof] . t/ lrdf ToxfFaf6 x6]kl5 klg 7fpF ;/L ;/L sf7df8f}Fd} al;/x]sf lyP . pgn] @* r}tdf cfˆgf 3/]n' j:t'x? sfuf]{ u/L !) j6f sf6'{gdf kfls:tfg k7fPkl5 afFsL ;fdfg jfg]Zj/df /x]sf] ;rn Ol~hlgol/ª jS;{sf] 3/df ;f/], clg cfkm" klg ToxLF a:g yfn] . ToxL bf}/fg ;f] 3/df lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ lelqPsf] k|x/Lsf] cfzÍf 5 . t/ Tof] sxfFaf6 cfPsf] lyof] eGg]af/] k|x/Ln] kQf nufpg ;s]sf] 5}g . sfj{g k]k/n] a]/]sf] cj:yfdf e]l6Psfn] Tof] ljdfg:yns} af6f]af6 cfPsf] cg'dfg dfq ul/Psf] 5 . ljdfg:ynsf] ;'/Iff hfFr 5Ng cj}w j:t'x?nfO{ sfj{gn] a]g]{ ul/G5, tfls lel8of] l:qmlgªdf gb]lvof];\ .

u[x dGqfnosf Ps pRrkb:y clwsf/Lsf cg';f/, k|x/Lsf] k|lt–cftÍjfb dxfzfvfaf6 vl6Psf] ljz]if 6f]nLn] rLdfsf zÍf:kb ultljlwdfly lg/Gt/ lgu/fgL /flv/x]sf] lyof] . /, #) r}tsf] ;fF‰eGbf cufj} ToxfF 5fkf dfg{ nfluPsf] lyof] t/ lj:kmf]6ssf af/]df k"0f{ ljZj:t x'g g;s]sfn] ;f] …ck/]zgÚ :ylut ul/of] . t/ To;}j]nf ef/tLo kIfaf6 klg rLdfsxfF lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 tTsfn 5fkf dfg{ u[x dGqfnoaf6 lgb]{zg lbOPsf] tL clwsf/L atfpF5g\ .  

36gf:yndf rLdfn] atfP cg';f/, ;rn Ol~hlgol/ªsf u'nfd x';]g cfˆgf] ;fyL ePsfn] :jb]z gkms'{~h]n xf]6ndf a:g'sf] ;f6f] ;f] 3/df a:g cfPsf lyP . k[YjL /fhdfu{sf] d:of{ª\bL–v}/]gL v08sf] k'glgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu ;g\ !(($ df kfPsf] 7]Ssfsf] sfd lgwf{l/t cjlweGbf tLg jif{ l9nf] l;WofP/ Ps dlxgf klxn] dfq x';]g kfls:tfg kmls{Psf lyP . 

cf/8LPS;sf] cf]O/f]

kfls:tfgsf] cfO{P;cfO{ / s§/kGyL u"6x?n] ef/tsf ljleGg pu|jfbL ;d"xnfO{ xftxltof/ / lj:kmf]6s ;fdu|L pknJw u/fO/x]sf] cf/f]k ef/tn] lg/Gt/ nufpFb} cfPsf] 5 . /, To:tf ;fdu|Lsf] 7"nf] kl/df0f g]kfnsf] af6f] eP/ ef/t k'Ug] u/]sf] klg p;sf] bfjL 5 .   

g]kfn tyf PlzofnL cWoog s]Gb|sf ;'/Iff ljZn]ifs k|fWofks w|'js'df/sf ljrf/df, æ;g\ !((# df aDaO{ adsf08 ePkl5 To;sf cleo'Qmx? rf/lt/ efu]kl5 ef/tn] g]kfndf klg a9L Wofg lbg yfn]sf] xf] .Æ To;kl5 ;g\ !(($ df sf7df8f}+sf] xf]6n s0ff{nLdf cfO{P;cfO{sf] slyt ef/tlj/f]wL of]hgfsf] kbf{kmf; ePkl5 g]kfn kfls:tfgL cvf8f ag]sf] k|rf/afhL lgs} x'g yfNof] . vf;u/L ;g\ !((^ df lbNnLsf] nfhktgu/ ad lj:kmf]6gsf] 36gfsf cleo'Qmn] ToxfF k|o'Qm cf/8LPS; g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] egL lbPsf] slyt aofgnfO{ ef/tLo kIfn] æcfO{P;cfO{n] g]kfndfkm{t\ xltof/ ;KnfO{ ul//x]sf]Æ s'/fsf] k|df0f agfpg] k|oTg yfn] .

;+of]ujz To;sf] s]xL dlxgfkl5 g} sf7df8f}+df 7"nf] kl/df0fdf cf/8LPS; km]nf k¥of] . @ c;f/ @)%# ;fndf 5fpgLl:yt jL/]Gb| ;}lgs c:ktfnsf] k"jL{ 9f]sf aflx/ a]jfl/z] ;'6s]zaf6 PgP;kL &! clÍt @) s]=hL= cf/8LPS;, $) j6f 6fOd l8efO;, !) j6f l/df]6 sG6«f]n, % j6f jfsL6fsL, ^@ j6f l86f]g]6/ cflb e]l6Psf] lyof] . To;sf] 5 dlxgfkl5 uf]Ëa' a:g] slZd/L Jofkf/L d~h'/ cxdbaf6 c? @) s]=hL= cf/8LPS; a/fdb eof] . km]/L nuQ} jfg]Zj/sf] yfkfufpFdf Pp6f ;+lbUw JolQmnfO{ lk5f ubf{ ˆofFlsPsf] cj:yfdf c? !# s]=hL= cf/8LPS; e]l6Psf] k|x/Ln] hgfof] . k|x/Ln] p;a]nf atfPcg';f/, ;f] lj:kmf]6s ;fdu|L hDd' slZd/ O:nflds k|mG6 gfdsf] ljb|f]xL ;d"xn] ef/tdf ljWj+; dRrfpg] p2]Zon] NofPsf] lyof] . oBlk To;j]nfsf] cf/8LPS; sf08nfO{ g]kfndf ef/tlj/f]wL ultljlw eO/x]sf] ;fljt ug{ rfxg] ef/tLo rfxgf / g]kfn k|x/Lsf] g]t[Tjsf lglDt eO/x]sf] c:j:y k|lt:kwf{;Fu klg hf]8]/ x]l/G5 . :d/0f /xf];\, p;j]nf cf/8LPS; a/fdb ePkl5 ef/tLo b"tfjf;n] k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/L g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;/fxgf u/]sf] lyof] .

g]kfndf cf/8LPS; a/fdbsf] csf]{ nx/ @)%% ;fndf rNof], hj dªl;/df lqk'/]Zj/sf] xf]6n EofnL Eo'af6 !( s]=hL= cf/8LPS; ;lxt ef/tsf] vfln:tfg lhGbfjfb kmf];{sf ;b:o nvjL/ l;+x ;dfltP . clg km]/L kmfu'gdf gS;fnsf Ps g]kfnLsf] 3/df kfFr s]=hL= cf/8LPS; kfOPsf] s'/f k|sfzdf cfof] . To;kl5 ebf}+ @)%& ;fndf xf]6n ofs P08 olt cufl8 …s6]h xfp;Ú gfdsf] x\of08Lqmfˆ6 k;n rnfO/x]sf slZd/L d"nsf xljj dlNnsaf6 klg lj:kmf]6sx? a/fdb eP . pgsf] k;nsf] ;f]s]zsf] leqL efudf n'sfOPsf] !$* lbg;Ddsf] ;do ldnfpg ;lsg] -6fOd jddf_ cTofw'lgs 6fOd/ / adsf l/df]6 sG6«f]nx? km]nfk/]sf lyP . pgL;Fu} s]xL cf/8LPS; ;lxt ;dfltPsf Ko'7fgsf lzj v8\sfn] c? #% s]=hL= cf/8LPS;sf af/]df atfP klg Tof] rflxF k|x/Ln] km]nf kfg{ g;s]sf] ;DjlGwt ;"q pNn]v u5{ . xfn;Dd ;fj{hlgs ePsf ljj/0fnfO{ x]bf{ rf/ jif{sf] cjlwdf /fhwfgLaf6 sDtLdf (# s]=hL= cf/8LPS; a/fdb eO;s]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ oL lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ sxfF ag]sf, s;/L g]kfn lelqPsf lyP, To;lglDt lhDd]jf/ ;'/Iff lgsfo / clwsf/Lx¿dfly s] s:tf] sf/jfxL eof] eGg]af/] s'g} hfgsf/L k|sfzdf NofOPsf] 5}g .

cf/8LPS; a/fdbsf oLg} 36gfnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ ef/tLo clwsf/Lx?n] g]kfn kfls:tfgL ultljlwsf] cvf8f ag]sf] bfjL ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] /]l8d]8 egfO{ x'G5M ækfls:tfgL u'Ktr/x?n] …l8Knf]d]l6s nu]hÚ df n'sfP/ xjfO{ dfu{af6 xltof/–lj:kmf]6sx? sf7df8f}F k'¥ofpF5g\ / ef/t k7fpF5g .Æ t/ s] o;sf lglDt kfls:tfgsf] ef/t;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;of}F ls=dL= nfdf] e"–;Ldf /f]Hg'sf] ;f6f] g]kfn eP/ hfg] nfdf] af6f] a9L k|of]u eO/x]sf] xf]nf t < 

ef/tsf] cflwsfl/s tYofÍn] ToxfF lj:kmf]6s kbfy{x? lelqg] d'Vo gfsf kfls:tfg;Fusf] ;Ldf /x]sf] b]vfpF5, g ls g]kfn . ;g\ !((%–!((* sf] cjlwdf ef/tsf] ;Ldf ;'/Iff an -aL=P;=Pkm=_ n] a/fdb u/]sf] $%) s]=hL= lj:kmf]6sdWo] #%) s]=hL= cf/8LPS; kfls:tfg;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;Ldfd} ;dfltPsf] lyof] . To;cl3 ;g\ !((# sf] d'DaO{ jd lj:kmf]6gsf a]nf #))) s]=hL= cf/8LPS; ;d'b|L gfsfaf6 dxf/fi6«sf] Pp6f ufpFdf NofOPsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 k'li6 eof] . Pshgf ;'/Iff clwsf/L eG5g\, æg]kfnsf] ?6 eP/ ef/tdf cf/8LPS; hfg] eg]sf] obfsbf dfq xf] . lsgeg] oxfF h] hlt lelqG5, k|foM tL ;j} ;dfltPsf 5g\ .Æ

g]kfn cf/8LPS;sf] cv8f ag]sf] clt/l~ht k|rf/ ul/Psf] atfpFb} k|fWofks w|'js'df/ eG5g\, æoxfF ef/tlj/f]wL ultljlw ePsf] ;fljt ug{ ;s]df cfˆgf] ;'/Iff :jfy{ k'/f x'g] p;sf] ;f]rfO{ x'g;S5 .Æ ef/tn] g]kfn;Fusf] låkIfLo jftf{df …g]kfndf ef/tlj/f]wL cfO{P;cfO{sf] ultljlwÚ nfO{ Pp6f d'Vo Ph]08f agfpg yfln;s]sf] 5 .

Ps jif{ klxn] O:nfdfjfbdf kfls:tfgsf ;/sf/ k|d'v hg/n k/j]h d'z/{km;Fu lxdfn n] g]kfndf cfO{P;cfO{sf] ultljlwaf/] k|Zg ubf{ pgsf] hjfkm lyof], æo:tf] kSs} ePsf] 5}g, /fhb"tfjf;sf s]xL JolQmdfly c;To nf~5gf nufOPsf] 5, Tof] ckm;f]rsf] s'/f xf] .Æ t/ jl;d ;Ja'/sf] s];kl5 clxn] rLdfsf sf/0f sf7df8f}Fl:yt kfls:tfgL b"tfjf; km]/L ljjfb / zÍfsf] 3]/fdf k/]sf] 5 . cfˆgf b'O{ hgf s'6gLlt1nfO{ g]kfnaf6 lg:sf;g ul/Fbf klg kfls:tfgn] O:nfdfjfbl:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tnfO{ af]nfP/ ;fdfGo lj/f]w–kq lbg] afx]s ck]lIft s8f k|ltlqmof JoQm u/]g  . rLdfdfly nfu]sf] cleof]u ;xL lyof] eg] kfls:tfgsf] k|ltlqmof :jefljs g} x'g;S5 . tyflk kfls:tfgn] g]kfndfly cfqmf]z kf]Vg'eGbf g]kfndf cfkm"lj?4 x'g] 36gfsf] ;"qwf/ ef/tnfO{ 7fGg] u5{ .

sf7df8f}+ vfN8f]df kbf{leq eO/x]sf kmf]xf]/L v]ndf kfls:tfg lgZro klg PSnf] v]nf8L rflxF xf]Og\ . c? d'n'sx?nfO{ 5f8\g] xf] eg] klg If]qLo :t/df ef/tsf] :jfy{ oxfF ‰g ulx/f];Fu ufFl;Psf] b]lvG5 . k"j{ k//fi6«dGqL 8f=k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL eG5g\, æclxn]sf] 36\gfaf6 kf7 l;s]/ ;/sf/n] g]kfnnfO{ …/Ú / …cfO{P;cfO{Ú sf] åGåsf] cv8f aGg glbg ;dod} ;ts{tf / s'zntf b]vfpg} k5{ .Æ

ljb]zL ultljlwnfO{ glhsaf6 x]l//x]sf Ps ;'/Iff clwsf/Lsf cg';f/, cfO{P;cfO{n] g]kfnnfO{ w]/yf]/ dfqfdf ef/tlj/f]wL ultljlwsf] s]Gb| agfO/x]sf] 5 eg] …/Ú n] To;nfO{ cfˆgf] :jfy{sf lglDt clt/l~ht kfl/xfN5 . tL clwsf/Ln] eg] h:t} clxn] g]kfnsf] cj:yf æPsflt/ af3 5, csf{lt/ eL/Æ eP h:tf] 5 .