h}ljs k|ljlw / n'lDagL kLknsf] ch/ j+z

8f= tLy{axfb'/ >]i7

/Qm laGb'o{bf e"df} ktTo:o z/L/tM .

;d'TkttL d]lbGof+ tTk|df0f:tbf;'/M ..

ha o;sf] z/L/af6 /utsf] yf]kf e'O{+df lub{5, ta Tof] zlQmzfnL c;'/ k[YjLdf pTkGg x'G5 . 

gj/flqsf] l‰;ld;] laxfgLdf hd/fsf] cufl8 a;]/ r08Lkf7 ubf{ /QmaLhsf] k|;Ë cfpF5 . slt /dfOnf] Tof] ;ª\u|fdÙ hxfF 3fOt] c;'/sf] k|To]s yf]kf /utaf6 gofF–gofF c;'/ k|s6 x'g] / b'uf{ejfgL :jo+n] ltgnfO{ df/]/ ;fWo} gx'g] . /utsf k|To]s s0fdf aLhsf] ;Dk"0f{tf ePsf] k|f0fL lyof] /QmaLh . k|To]s /Qms0faf6 Pp6f c;'/ pTkGg x'GYof] . ToxL ¿k / ToxL k/fqmd ePsf eofjx of]4f . ;a} Ps gf;sf ;a} Ps gZnsf . /QmaLhsf] oxL cjwf/0ffnfO{ cl3 ;fb}{ Nofof}F eg] xfdL jt{dfg j}1flgsx¿n] hLj k|ljlw -jfof]–6]Sgf]nf]hL_ af6 pTkfbg u/]sf] …8f]NnLÚ (Dolly) gfds Pp6f dfgj lgld{t e]8fsf] s[lqd kf7f];Dd cfOk'Ub5f}F . xhf/f}F jif{ klxn] xfd|f k"j{hsf] lubLdf pAh]sf] kmn cfhsf j}1flgsx¿ :s6Nof08, a]nfot / cd]l/sfsf k|of]uzfnfdf l6Kg k'Ub5g\ . efn] / kf]yLsf] k|hgg\ sfo{af6 pTkfbg x'g] k|f0fL cfhsf] lj1fgn] lagf k|hgg\ g} k}bf ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf dflg;nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;fdfGotof cfdfsf] j+zf0f' / afa'sf] j+zf0f' af]s]sf] e|"0fsf]lifsf (embryo cell) af6 gofF lzz' k}bf x'g] xf] . o;/L hGdg] lzz' g 7\ofSs} cfdf h:tf] x'G5 g t afa' h:tf] . o; k|sf/ b'O{ j+zsf k|f0fLsf] ;Gtfg Ps k':tf eGbf csf]{ k':tf clncln km/s kb}{ hfG5 . k|To]s k|hggdf cfdf / afa' b'j}sf] :j?k / :jefjeGbf s]xL leGg k|s[ltsf] ;Gtfg hGdg] x'gfn] o; ;+:ff/df s'g} klg k|f0fL Ps–csf{;Fu ztk|ltzt ldNg] :j?k / :jefjsf] x'Fb}g . x'g t s]xL h'DNofxfx¿ o; l;4fGtnfO{ cln vNanfpg] vfnsf klg x'G5g\, t/ Ps} k|sf/sf] j+zf0f'o'Qm w]/} k|f0fL pTkfbg ug]{ Snf]lgª (cloning) k4lt eg] Ps} ¿k / Ps} :jefj ePsf hdft pTkfbg ug]{ lbzftkm{ cu|;/ 5 . kfFr jif{cl3, % h'nfO{ ;g\ !((^ df :s6Nof08sf] Pp6f k|of]uzfnfdf o:t} Ps s[lqd k|f0fLsf] hGd eof], h;nfO{ :yfgLo Ps k|l;4 nf]suflosfsf] gfddf …8f]NnLÚ eGg] gfdfs/0f ul/of] . Pp6f e]8Lsf] y'gaf6 lgsflnPsf] ;"Id tGt'af6 lgld{t o; lgaf]{w kf7Ln] dfgj ;Eotfsf] ljsf;df uf}/jk"0f{ k|flKt dfq x}g eljio ljgf;sf] Ps qf; klg ylklbPsf] 5 . lsgeg] /QmaLh klg o:t} Snf]g cjwf/0ffsf] pkh x'g'k5{ .

xhf/f}F jif{ klxn] xfd|f k"j{hsf] lubLdf pAh]sf] kmn cfhsf j}1flgsx¿ a]nfot / cd]l/sfsf k|of]uzfnfdf l6Kg k'Ub5g\ .

ca k|Zg p7\5, /QmaLh Ps eofjx c;'/of]4f x'g'df / xfd|L 8f]NnL e]8L ;Lwf / zfGt k|f0fL x'g'df h}ljs tYo s] xf]nf < cfhsf] j}1flgs ljsf;sf] cfwf/ lng] xf] eg] k|To]s hLjfTdfdf /x]sf] k|To]s hLjsf]lifsf (living cell) df To; hLjfTdfsf] ¿k, /Ë / :jefj lgwf{/0f ug]{ j+zf0f' x'G5, h;nfO{ …lhgÚ (gene) eGg] ;+1fn] ;Daf]wg ul/G5 . Ps k':tfaf6 csf]{ k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f x'g] d'Vo tTj oxL xf] / of] tTj 8L=Pg=P= (DNA) eGg] Ps ljz]if /f;folgs kbfy{af6 lgdf{0f ePsf] x'G5 . hLj j}1flgsx¿n] ljz]if k|sf/sf ;"Idbz{s oGqsf] ;xfotfn] o:tf lhgx¿nfO{ ?b|fIfsf] dfnf h:t} wfuf]df plgP/ a;]sf] b]v] / To:tf wfuf]sf ;"Id TofGb|fnfO{ …qmf]df]hf]dÚ eGg] ;+1f klg lbP . rfx] /utsf] yf]kf xf];\ jf s'g} df+;sf]lifsf, dfgj hLjsf]ifdf o:tf qmf]df]hf]dsf] @# hf]8L cyf{t\ $^ j6f TofGb|f kfOG5g\ . dfgj z/L/df cf};t ^),))) ca{ hLjsf]lifsf x'G5g\ eGg] j}1flgs dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s hLj sf]lifsfdf …lhgÚsf] dfqf a/fa/ x'G5 . o; cy{df xfd|f] k|To]s hLjsf]lifsfdf Ps xhf/ lhg df}h'b x'G5g\ eGg] cfFs8f 5 . o:tf lhgsf] 8L=Pg=P= /;fogn] s'g} k|f0fLsf] ¿k, /Ë / :jefjnfO{ lgwf{/0f / lgoGq0f ub{5 . o; tTjnfO{ km]/abn ug{ ;Sof] eg] k|f0fLdf km]/abn Nofpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] dflg;sf] lhgaf/] lj:t[t cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf ut jif{, @^ h'g ;g\ @))) df dfgj lhgf]d (human genome) sf] af/]df Pp6f ;g;gLk"0f{ va/ ljZje/ km}lnof] . dfgj lhgf]d kl/of]hgfsf] To; pknlAwnfO{ rGb|dfdf 6]s]sf] kfOnf;Fu t'ngf ul/Psf] 5 . lsgeg] dfgj lhgsf] k"0f{ lrq /]vfa4 ug{df ljz]if ;kmntf ldn]sf] 5 . o;af6 s'g :yfgdf /x]sf] s:tf] …lhgÚn] s'g} Ps JolQmsf] s'g ¿k, /Ë jf :jefjnfO{ c;/ u5{ eGg] olsg ug{ ldNg] eof] . s'g} /f]uJofwL;Fu ;DalGwt lhg 5 eg] To;nfO{ 7DofP/ pkrf/ ug{ ;lsg] eof] . dfgj lhgsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ k"0f{¿kn] lrq0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;n] ;sf/fTds lbzf lnPdf lgZro g} :jfYof]krf/sf] If]qdf 7"nf] k|ult x'g]5 . s'g} Ps Hofgsf] zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s ;+/rgfsf] dfglrq lvRg ;Sg' eg]sf] s'g} Ps /fi6«sf] ef}uf]lns gS;f tof/ ug'{ h:tf] xf] .

dflg; nufot c¿ kz'k+IfLdf u}/ k|hgg\ k|lqmofaf6 ;Gtfg j[l4 ug{ lgs} sl7g / k|fljlws b[li6n] klg clt g} ljsl;t k|of]uzfnfdf dfq o:tf] k|of; ;kmn x'g;Sg] eP tfklg jg:klt hutdf eg] of] To:tf] sl7g sfd x}g . xfdL u'nfkmsf] sndL /fV5f}F, gofF gofF af]6 x'sf{pF5f}F, cfn' /f]Kbf klg cfn'sf] aLp kmnaf6 k|fKt gu/L cfn' g} sf6]/ /f]K5f}F, lkF8fn' /f]Kbf lkF8fn'sf] ufgf g} /f]K5f}F . o;/L x's{g] lj?jfdf cfg'j+lzs ;dfgtf sfod} /x]sf] x'G5 . jg:kltsf] o:t} IfdtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ jg:kltsf clt ;"Id tGt' -l6:o"_ nfO{ s[lqd tl/sfn] x'sf{P/ k|To]s sf]lifsfnfO{ aLpsf] k"0f{ Ifdtf k|bfg ug]{ k|ljlw ljsf; ePsf] 5 . Pp6f /fd|f] hftsf] lj?jf 5 eg] To;sf] ;fgf] 6'qmf]af6 nfvf}F lj?jf pTkfbg ug{ ldN5 / of] pTkfbg lqmof lg/Gt/ sfod /fVg klg ;lsG5 . tGt' x'sf{pg] k|ljlw -l6:o'
sNr/_ cfhsn s[lif, jg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, :jf:Yo pkrf/, pBf]u cflb If]qdf ;kmntfsf ;fy k|of]u x'Fb}5 . of] Ps ;"Id k|hgg\ k|ljlwsf ¿kdf blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qsf w]/} b]zdf lgs} nf]slk|o 5 . o;n] b'n{e jg:kltx¿ -h:t} ;'gufef_, ax'd"No h8La'6L, /f]ud'Qm s[lif jfnL -h:t} efO/;d'Qm cfn'_, ljleGg j[Ifx¿ -h:t} l;;f}, afF;_ / cGo jg:kltnfO{ ;"Id k|ljlwåf/f Jofks pTkfbg -df; k|f]8S;g_ tkm{ pGd'v u/]sf] 5 . ljut tLg bzsb]lv g]kfndf klg of] k|ljlw ;kmntfsf ;fy :yflkt ePsf] 5 t/ gLltut ;dGjosf] cefjdf of] ;/sf/L If]qdf Tolt km:6fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . tyflk lghL If]qdf s]xL pGglt eg] ePsf] 5 . of] b[i6fGtnfO{ k|:6\ofpg n'lDagL kLknsf] k|;Ë sf]6\ofpg' plrt xf]nf .

uf}td a'4n] n'lDagLdf hGd lnP cfheGbf @%$% jif{ klxn] . cfd g]kfnLsf] x[bodf n'lDagLn] hGd lnFbf ToxfF czf]s :tDe x'G5, Pp6f kf]v/L x'G5, dfofb]jLsf] dlGb/ x'G5 / Pp6f 7"nf] ‰flËPsf] kLknsf] ¿v klg x'G5 . t/, cfhef]lnsf] n'lDagLdf Tof] kLkn 5}g . Oltxf;sf] vf]hLdf jt{dfgsf] alnbfg ePsf] 5 t/ eljionfO{ cl:tTj lbg ;f]xL kLknsf] ch/ j+z lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 h}ljs k|ljlwsf] sf]vdf . ;f]xL j[Ifsf] Ps xfFufsf] 6'qmfaf6 cfh cg]s lj?jf k}bf ePsf 5g\ / cgluGtL pTkfbgsf ;Defjgf klg xfd|f] xTs]nfdf 5g\ .

pQm kLknsf xfFufsf sfkdf ;'if'Kt /x]sf s]xL d'gfaf6 s/La @ ldlnld6/ -rfdnsf] u]8f hqf]_ tGt' -l6:o"_ zNolqmofaf6 lgsflnof] . ToxfF /x]sf ;of}F sf]lifsfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ ;'xfpg] vfB j:t' / cg's"n dfWoddf Psaf6 b'O{ / b'O{af6 rf/ x'Fb} nfvf}F sf]lifsf aGg k'u] . Ps dfg]df SofG;/ /f]u nfu]sf sf]lifsfx¿sf] j[l4 eP ‰}F o;sf] j[l4 x'G5 . o:tf sf]ifx¿ ;fdfGotof ;dfg ¿k, ;dfg /Ë / ;dfg :jefjsf x'G5g\ . o:tf sf]lifsfx¿nfO{ csf]{ cf}iflwo'Qm cg's"n dfWoddf ;fl/g] sfd x'G5 . o;kl5 tL sf]lifsfx¿ klxn]eGbf leGb} :jefjn] j[l4 x'g yfN5g\ . cyf{t\ casf] j[l4 aLp pdfbf{ j[l4 x'g] e|"0fsf]lifsfsf] :jefjn] j[l4 x'G5 . To;df 8fF7, kft, h/f cflb cË–k|ToË knfpg yfN5g\ . lj?jfn] cfˆgf] lzz' cfs[lt lng yfNb5 . lj?jf sfFrsf] l;;Lleq vrfvr pld|G5g\ / ltgsf h/f eg] Hofb} sdnf] x'g] ePsfn] e/kbf{ x'Fb}gg\ . To;}n] cs}{ efF8f]df ;f/]/ h/f knfpg] ljz]if /;fogsf] ;xfotfn] x'sf{OG5 . /fd|f] / e/kbf]{ h/f xfn] kl5 afn'jf, df6f] of cGo ;'xfpFbf] ;fdu|Ldf ltgsf] :ofxf/;';f/ x'G5 . o; cj:yfdf oL lj?jf zNolqmofof]Uo sL6f0f' d'Qm k|of]uzfnfaf6 aflx/ lgsfn]/ x'sf{pg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu s]xL dlxgfb]lv Psjif{;Dd klg nfUg ;S5 . t/ Ps} kN6df ;of}F, xhf/fF} jf nfvf}F lj?jf pTkfbg x'G5g\ . o; dfg]df n'lDagLdf sfl6Psf] ljzfn j[Ifsf ;a} xfFuf sf6]/ tof/ kfg{ ;lsg] hlt sndL lj?jf @÷$ d'gfsf] 6'qmfaf6} pTkfbg x'g ;S5g\ . ljZj ;+/If0f ;+3sf] ;lqmotfdf Ps :yfgLo lghL k|of]uzfnfn] #÷$ jif{sf] k|oTgkl5 ;of}F lj?jf pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . o;/L pTkflbt @÷$ ;o lj?jf cfpFbf] a'4k"l0f{df -@$ j}zfv @)%*_ sf lbg a'4 laxf/x¿df jf gofF aGg] dfofb]jL dlGb/ kl/;/df ;fg]{ cj;/ ldn]sf] 5 . cfzf u/f}F, of] kLkn n'lDagLsf] ;fOgf] b]zleq / aflx/ klg ufF:g ;dy{ x'g]5 .  

pk;+xf/ …l6:o"sNr/Ú k|ljlwnfO{ /fi6« ljsf;sf] d"nwf/df k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ;/sf/L k|lta4tf, j}1flgs / k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] cfTdan / lghL If]qsf] ljZjf; cfjZos x'g cfpF5 . h}ljs k|ljlwsf] bl/nf] 6]jfn] g]kfnL ls;fgx¿ a9L pTkfbgzLn x'g] s'/fdf b'O{dt gxf]nf t/ s]xL tk:of / s]xL Tofu ug]{ hdft eg] v8f x'g' g} kg]{ x'G5 .

n'lDagL kLknnfO{ ch/–cd/ agfpg h}ljs k|ljlw dfq x}g a'4 k|j[lQ klg cfjZos kb{5 . lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 ;'/ dfq x}g c;'/ klg k}bf x'g ;S5g\ . ;'/sf] zflGt jf c;'/sf] cftÍ lgDTofpg] lg0f{o jt{dfgs} sfFwdf x'G5 . ;d'b| dGygaf6 ljif klg cfpF5 / ;ª\u|fdsf] ;+;f/df /QmaLh klg k|s6 x'G5 eGg] r]t cfhsf] lj1fg / k|ljlwnfO{ clt vfFrf] 5 . s[lqd e]8L pTkfbg ug{ ;kmn ePsf] /f]:nLg OlG:6Ro'6n] dfgj Snf]g glgsfNg] k|0f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 / To;nfO{ sfg"gL ;dy{g h'6fpg] sfd klg x'Fb}5 . o;f] ug{ c¿ /fi6«x¿ klg tTk/ 5g\ lsgeg] dflg;n] ljZjf; ug{ g;Sg] k|f0fL dflg; g} x'g\ . a'4 klg dflg; g} lyP / tflnjfgsf zf;sx¿ klg dflg; g} x'g\ . cfhsf] ljZjnfO{ a'4 k|j[lQlt/ pGd'v x'g] k|]/0ff cfpFbf] a'4 hoGtLn] k|bfg u/f];\ . ;a}n] oxL sfdgf u/f}F .