Archieves    

 
 
lghL :s"ndflysf] cfqmd0f n'sfOPsf] jf:tljstf

lghL k|of; / nufgLdf ;~rflnt z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿dfly Psf]xf]/f] k|xf/ ug]{ qmddf ;fj{hlgs lzIffk|0ffnL ;kfg'{kg]{ sl7g / dxTjk"0f{ sfo{nfO{ ;lhn};Fu lal;{OFb}5 . o;f] ug{df kf6L{ g]tf, ;/sf/L kbflwsf/L, …sG;N6]G6Ú / ljBfyL{ ;Ë7gx¿aLr Ps k|sf/sf] …;d‰bf/LÚ g} ePsf] b]lvG5 . lzIff h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf v]naf8 / lagf ljZn]if0f xr'jf lsl;dn] lg0f{o
ug]{ k/Dk/fsf] pkh xf], o;kflnsf] P;\Pn\;L k/LIffsf] g/fd|f] kl/0ffd .

 

zfGtf bLlIft

…lghL ;|f]tdf rnfOPsf :s"nx¿df Jofkf/Ls/0f eof] / logLx¿ JolQmut :jfy{ / kmfObfsf nflu ;~rfng ul/PÚ eGb} g]kfnsf] lghL :s"nk4ltdfly ;a}lt/af6 cfqmd0f eO/x]5 . o;/L lghL :s"ndfly vlgg]x¿df cfd cleefjs / lzIfs–ljBfyL{eGbf :jo+ ;/sf/, p;sf] sd{rf/LtGq / ;Qfdf al;;s]sf jfdkGyL kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / e"ldut dfcf]jfbL k|d'v 5g\ . t/ lghL :s"n km:6fpgfsf cfwf/x¿sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿df b"/b[li6sf] cefj Pj+ ltgsf sdLsdhf]/Lx¿ g} d'Vo sf/0fsf ¿kdf b]vf k5{g\, h'g s'/fsf] s;}n] klg ljZn]if0f u/]sf] kfOFb}g .

;/sf/L :s"nsf] ljsNkdf b]zel/ g} lghL :s"nx¿ b]vfkg'{sf sf/s tTjx¿nfO{ lgDg a'Fbfdf ;"qa4 ug{ ;lsG5M

  • lzIff If]qdf tLj| /fhgLlts/0f x'Fbf, ePsf /fd|f gLlt–lgod klg nfu" x'g g;Sg',

  • k~rfotsfndf z'? ePsf] lzIffdf …v]naf8Ú / s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] qmd k|hftGqsf] cfudgkl5 klg sfod /xg', h;n] ;/sf/L :s"nnfO{ cleefjs / ;d'bfoaf6 6f9f /fVof],

  • ;/sf/sf] tflnd Jofjxfl/s gx'gfn] bIf lzIffsdL{ tof/ gx'g',

  • ;/sf/n] ;~rfng u/]sf #)cf}F xhf/ :s"nx¿dWo] Pp6}n] klg gd"gf …:s"nÚsf ¿kdf pleO{ dfkb08 k]z ug{ g;Sg',

  • lzIffsf] d"NofÍg k/LIffd"ns dfq /xg', 3f]sGtL ljBfn] k|f]T;fxg kfpg' / z}lIfs ;+/rgf …;Lk / 1fgÚ eGbf …;fIf/tfÚd} ?dln/xg',

  • :s"n–lg/LIf0f gfd dfqsf] x'g' . lhNnf lzIff sfof{no / :s"nx¿ aLrsf] ;Dks{ cfb/ / ;d‰bf/Lsf] cfwf/df gx'g' .

o;sf cltl/Qm, lzIff If]qsf lhDd]jf/ JolQm / kbflwsf/Lx¿n] :jR5 b[li6sf]0f /fv]/ sfd gubf{ lzIffsf] l:ylt ‰g\‰g\ lau|Fb} uof] . lzIf0fk4ltdf sfd ug]{x¿ :jo+n] g} lzIffnfO{ x]Kb} uP . clgÙ ;Sg] / lzIffnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]x¿ ;a}n] cfˆgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ lghL ljBfno / ;s] ljb]z k7fpg yfn] . of] ljut !% jif{otfsf] 36gfqmd xf] .

;/sf/af6 ;~rfng x'g] ;fj{hlgs lzIff sdhf]/ aGb} uPkl5 lghL ;|f]tsf :s"nx¿ rNg] ;Defjgf b]lvof] / To:tf :s"n vf]lng yfn] . ;/sf/L tj/df s'g} dfkb08 tof/ gePsfn] lghL lzIffIf]q clgolGqt tl/sfn] a9\b} dfq uof] . slt;Dd ljBfyL{nfO{ Pp6f sIffdf k9fpg ;lsG5 < slt xb;Dd u'0ffTds s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'k5{ < s] :s"nn] ;fdflhs jftfj/0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' cfjZos 5 < eGg] h:tf s'/fx¿df Wofg glbOsg klg lghL ljBfnox¿n] P;\Pn\;Ldf /fd|f] glthf k|fKt u/] . cleefjsx¿nfO{ oltn] k'luxfNof] . P;\Pn\;L kl/0ffds} cfwf/df s]xL :s"nx¿ Hofb} …;kmnÚ 7flgP / Hofb} 7"nf klg eP .

t/ la:tf/} lghL :s"nsf cleefjsx¿n] P;\Pn\;Lsf] kl/0ffd;Fu} u'0f:t/ klg vf]Hg yfn] . o;n] lghL ;|f]tdf rnfOPsf ljBfnox¿sf aLr k|lt:kwf{ a9fpgdf d2t u¥of] . k|lt:kwf{n] ubf{ o:tf :s"nx¿ :jod\ …lgoGq0fÚdf cfpg / cfkm"nfO{ cleefjsk|lt pQ/bfoL agfpg yfn] . cleefjsx¿nfO{ klg s]6fs]6Lx¿sf] ax'cfoflds k|ltefsf] ljsf;df Wofg lbg] lzIff cjZo klg …;:tf]Ú x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'Fb}uof] . of] s/La kfFr jif{otf z'? ePsf] k|lqmof xf] . k|lt:kwf{ wfGg g;Sg] :s"nx¿ o; cjlwdf aGb klg eP . Ps bzs cl3;Dd lzIfs tflndsf] s'/f ubf{ lghL ljBfnosf Joj:yfksx¿ gfs v'DRofpFy] eg] ca w]/}n] o;nfO{ :s"nsf] Pp6f clgjfo{ cËsf ¿kdf x]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ . …KofA;gÚ h:tf] ;+:yfdf cl:t;Dd vfln lghL :jfy{sf] s'/f x'GYof] eg] ca lzIfs tflnd, kf7\oqmd ljsf; / k':tsfno Joj:yfkgsf s'/f klg x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

b]zleq} lghL nufgLsf :s"n ;kF|b} hfFbf g]kfnaflx/ k9\g hfg] ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg 36\b} uPsf] lyof] . lghL ljBfnox¿ b]zsf eljiosf s0f{wf/x¿nfO{ cfˆg} df6f]df k9\g] / l;Sg] df}sf lbg ;Ifd x'Fb}lyP . /fhwfgL aflx/ klg /fd|f] k9\g kfpg] Joj:yf h'b}{lyof] . 7fpF7fpFdf gd"gfsf] ¿kdf ljleGg lsl;dsf lghL ljBfnon] cf–cfˆgf] Ifdtf tyf ;dk{0f b]vfpg yfn]sf lyP . aGbLk'/ 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf /x]sf] …gf]6«]8\ofdÚ :s"nn] t ;d'bfo / hfkfgL Oz'dfuL{ leIf'0fLx¿sf] ;xfotfdf lgs} :t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug{ yfn]sf] lyof] . klxnf] jif{ g} ;f] :s"nn] P;\Pn\;L k/LIffdf g]kfnel/s} :s"nnfO{ cª\u|]hL ljifodf lhTof] . gf]6«]8\ofdn] s[lifdf pRr dfWolds sIff z'? ul/;s]sf] lyof] / lj1fgdf klg To:tf] lzIff lbg] k|of; ub}{lyof] . of] :s"nsf] pRr:t/sf] lzIf0fk|ljlw b]zel/s} zx/–ufpF / ;/sf/L–lghL ljBfnosf nflu cg's/0f ug{ of]Uo gd"gf g} lyof] . o;n] ;'ls;s]sf] aGbLk'/ zx/nfO{ gofF hLjg lbPsf] lyof] . Go"g z'Ns / To;dfly 5fqj[lQn] ubf{ lgDgdWodjuL{o cleefjsx¿n] oxfF /fxt kfPsf lyP . lj8Dagf eGg] ls /fhgLltsf] v]n, To:tf] /fd|f] :s"n aGb u/fOof] . ca gf]6«]8\ofd 5}g . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] lzIffk|ltsf] ckof{Kt lrGtgsf sf/0fn] /fd|f];Fu v8f ePsf] Tof] :s"nnfO{ Pp6f syfdf kl/0ft ul/lbof] . ;fy}, b]ze/ g} clxn] z}lIfs xfxfsf/ 5, /fd|f] af6f]df nfu]sf lghL :s"nx¿sf] a]xfn / cGof}n 5 . ;Sg]x¿n] km]l/ cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ ef/t / k/b]z k9\g k7fpg] qmd z'? ePsf] 5, h;n] ubf{ l;dfgfkf/sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lr7\7f k/]sf] 5 .

 

;:tf] gf/f

lghL :s"n lj?4sf] clxn]sf] cfGbf]ng, ;/sf/L :s"nn] ;a}nfO{ u'0ffTds lzIff lbg g;s'~h]n s'g} klg g]kfnL afnsn] u'0ffTds lzIff kfpg'x'Fb}g eGg] x7af6 k|]l/t b]lvG5 . ;:tf] gf/fnfO{ nf]slk|o agfO{ lghL lzIff etfe'Ë kfb}{ b]zsf] eljio lauf/]sf] lhDd]jf/L cfhsf …e"ldpk/Ú / …e"ldutÚ ljBfyL{ g]tfx¿n] :jLsf/ unf{g\ < km]l/ lghL lzIffdf vlgPsf oL g]tfx¿ ;/sf/L lzIff ;kfg]{ ljifo -h;sf] sdhf]/Laf6 cflv/ lghL lzIff km:6fof]_ df eg] k"0f{tof df}g 5g\, / o:tf] hgd'vL ljifodf rflxF pgLx¿n] lrGtg g} u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . Psftkm{ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] lghL :s"nsf] z'Ns %)Ü 36fpg] dfu cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ ;/sf/L k|ltj]bgx¿n] lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kft !M@% sf] ;§f !M%) kfg]{ ;'‰fj lbO/x]sf 5g\ . o;af6} :ki6 x'G5, lghL :s"nx¿n] …kmLÚ p7fPs} cg'kftdf lzIfs klg w]/} /fVg] u/]sf 5g\, h;n] ubf{ k7g–kf7gsf] :t/ yf]/} lzIfs ePsf ;/sf/L :s"neGbf /fd|f] x'G5 .

lzIff jf s'g} klg If]qsf] ;do;fk]If d"NofÍg ul/g' cToGt cfjZos s'/f xf] . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] lzIffdf Wofgs]lGb|t u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ of] cy{df ;/fxgLo dfGg'k5{ . g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] o;tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f ug{ yfn]sf] tLg jif{hlt x'g nfUof], / Pp6f e"ldut kf6L{n] ug]{ sfd Tolt g} lyof] xf]nf . t/ lghL ;|f]tdf rnfOPsf :s"ndfly nufOPsf] Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] cf/f]ksf] kmfObf lng dfn] / Pdfn] kf6L{sf ljBfyL{ zfvfn] klg o;nfO{ rsf]{ cfGbf]ngdf kl/0ft u/] . :s"ndf %) k|ltzt z'Ns 36fpg'k5{ eGg] gf/f nufpg yfn] hals, lghL :s"nsf] z'Ns 36fP/ ufpFzx/sf t'ngfTds ¿kdf wgf9\o cleefjsnfO{ kf];]/ pgLx¿n] s] kfpFy] <

dfcf]jfbL x'g\ jf dfn], Pdfn] of g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf ljBfyL{ jf u}/ljBfyL{ …ljBfyL{Ú g]tfx¿, s;}n] klg afns]lGb|t lzIff x'g'k5{, lzIfs tflnd ;fGble{s x'g'k5{, s]6fs]6Lsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;df Wofg k'¥ofOg'k5{ / ltgsf] pd]]/ ;'xfpFbf] nlrnf] lzIff lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/f p7fPsf 5}gg\ . cflv/, !) nfv ljBfyL{ k9\g] lghL If]qsf :s"nx¿nfO{ b]zsf] ;fgf] cËsf] ¿kdf x]g{ ldNb}g hals o;n] ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{ ju{sf] @)Ü nfO{ k9fpg] u5{ . t/ lghL lzIffdf k|xf/ ug]{ qmddf ;/sf/L lzIff s;/L ;kfg]{ eGg] sl7g r'gf}tLtkm{ s;}sf] Wofg ghfFbf cfGbf]ngsf] c8fg / OdfGbfl/tfd} k|ZglrXg p7\g hfG5 . cflv/ b]zsf afFsL *)Ü ljBfyL{ t ;/sf/L :s"nd} hfG5g\ / pgLx¿sf] ljsf; g} b]zsf] ljsf; xf] .
 

s] k};fn] lzIff lsGg ;lsG5 <

;/sf/n] P;\Pn\;L pQL0f{ ug]{ Pp6f ljBfyL{sf nflu slt k};f vr{ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 eGg] tYonfO{ tn k|:t't Pp6f 5f]6f] pbfx/0fn] k|:6\ofpF5 . g]kfndf hGd]sf s]6fs]6LdWo] &) k|ltzt sIff ! df egf{ x'G5g\ . sIff ! df egf{ x'g] !))) dWo] vfln !)) hgf !) sIffdf k'U5g\, / oLdWo] @) hgf P;\Pn\;L pQL0f{ x'G5g\ . /, tLdWo] k|yd >]0fLdf # hgf dfq k5{g\ .

o;/L !))) hgfdf ul/Psf] nufgLaf6 @) hgf dfq P;\Pn\;L pQL0f{ x'g'n] xfd|f] ;fj{hlgs lzIff cToGt} dxFuf] ePsf] k|dfl0ft u5{ . P;\Pn\;Lsf] /fd|f] glthfn] ljBfyL{sf] lglDt cj;/sf] 9f]sf v'N5 eg]/ dfGg] xf] eg] lghL If]qsf :s"nn] ljBfyL{ / cleefjsnfO{ ltgn] lt/]sf] z'Nssf] ;xL k|ltkmn lbO/x]sf] dfGg klg s/ nfU5 .

;d'bfo / c¿ ;|f]taf6 x'g] of]ubfg afx]s, ;/sf/L :s"nsf] Pp6f ljBfyL{df ;/sf/n] dfl;s ?= !@^ -:s"n–lzIff ah]6nfO{ :s"n txsf] s'n ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofn] efu ubf{ cfpg] /sd_ nufgL u5{ eg], !))) ljBfyL{nfO{ sIff ! b]lv P;\Pn\;L;Dd k'¥ofpg p;n] ?= ! s/f]8 %! nfv vr{ u/]sf] x'G5 . o;af6 hDdf @) hgfn] P;\Pn\;L kf; u5{g\ / # hgf k|yd >]0fLdf . of] lx;fan] P;\Pn\;L pQL0f{ Pp6f ljBfyL{df ;/sf/sf] ?= & nfv %^ xhf/ k/]sf] x'G5, h'g dfl;s ?= ^,#)) x'g cfpF5 . c‰ k|yd >]0fLdf pQL0f{x¿sf] dfq lx;fa ug]{ xf] eg] k|lt ljBfyL{ dfl;s nfut ?= $@ xhf/ x'G5 . hals lghL ;|f]tdf rnfOPsf :s"n olt dxËf ;fljt x'Fb}gg\ . lghL If]qsf :s"nx¿sf] P;\Pn\;L pQL0f{ k|ltzt k|foM *) eGbf a9L g} x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

dfly ul/Psf] lx;fanfO{ ljleGg tl/sfn] a'´g ;lsG5, t/ o;n] ;/sf/L lzIff vr{sf] cg'kftdf :t/xLg ePsf] s'/f eg] /fd|};Fu k|:6\ofpF5 . o;} sf/0fn] klg cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] lghL tj/df rnfOPsf] lzIffeGbf oqf] /fli6«o ;DklQ v]/ uO/x]sf] ;fj{hlgs lzIffdf a9L Wofg lbg' cfjZos / cf}lrTok"0f{ klg x'G5 . 

gLltlgdf{tf / b]z xfFSg] dfG5]x¿n] lzIffsf] of] jf:tljstfnfO{ /fd|/L s]nfpg'kg]{ xf] . cGwf] cfqmf]z tyf ;lhnf gf/fsf] k5fl8 nfu]/ lghL :s"ndfly PskIfLo 9Ëaf6 vlgg'sf] ;f6f] ltgn] s;/L / s'g sf/0fn] ;kmntf kfP eg]/ cWoog ug'{Ù / /fd|f] ug]{ lghL ljBfnosf] cg'ejaf6 l;Sg' a9L a'l4dfgL x'GYof] . æk};fÆ df dfq cfFvf uf8]/ lghL :s"nsf /fd|f kIflt/ Wofg glbFbf To;n] ;/sf/, g]tf, sd{rf/L / /fhgLlts ljBfyL{ ;d"xx¿sf] v'§f tfGg] cfl/;] k|j[lQ t ‰NsfpF5 g}, b]z / ;dfhn] kfpg'kg]{ kmfObfaf6 klg jl~rt eO/fVg' k5{ . k};fn] dfq lzIff t s'/} 5f]8"F, ;fIff/tf klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsFb}g .

 

P;\Pn\;Lsf] glthf lsg lg/fzfhgs eof] <

lghL ljBfno lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngn] /fhg}lts sfo{stf{sf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lkg ‰NsfpF5 eg] o; jif{sf] P;\Pn\;L kl/0ffdn] ;/sf/L kbdf lzIffsf] lhDdf lng]x¿sf] cg'Q/bfoLkgsf] kf]n vf]N5 . of] jif{ -@)%*_ sf] P;\Pn\;Lsf] glthf /fd|f] x'Fb}g eg]/ of] n]vsn] b'O{ jif{cl3 g} :ki6 elg;s]sf] lyof], -ækl/jlt{t z}lIfs kfqf]n] p7fPsf] ;d:ofÆ, lxdfn j}zfv !–!%, @)%^_ . Tof] n]vdf xfd|f] lzIffdf xr'jftfnn] lg0f{o x'g] u/]sf] / ;/sf/L sd{rf/L Pj+ of]hgfljb\x¿ ljBfyL{sf] eljiok|lt ;Dj]bgzLn g/xg] u/]sf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] lyof] . o;kflnsf] P;\Pn\;L glthfn] ToxL b]vfof] . gofF z}lIfs;qsf] lg0f{o ug'{eGbf cufl8 ;Da4 kbflwsf/Lx¿n] gofF z}lIfs;qsf] klxnf] jif{sf] sIffjlwaf/] dfq ljrf/ u/]sf eP o;kflnsf] glthf o:tf] g/fd|f] x'g] lyPg . Tolta]nfsf lg0f{ostf{x¿ lzIffdGqL uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL / lzIff;lrj v]d/fh /]UdLn] gofF kf7\oqmd nfu" u/]sf] jif{b]lv g} sIff !) df ( dlxg] ;q nfu" x'G5 / To;n] ubf{ gofF kf7\oqmd /fd|/L k9fpg ;Dej x'Fb}g, ;do k'Ub}g eg]/ x]Ssf /fVg'kg]{ lyof] . o:tf] kl/jt{g b'O{ jif{kl5 u/]sf] eP kl/jlt{t kf7\oqmddf k9\g] klxnf] / bf];|f] ;d"xsf ljBfyL{n] !$–!$ dlxgf;Dd k9\g kfpFy] . dGqL hf]zL / ;lrj /]UdLn] Tolta]nf b"/b[li6 /fv]/ lhDd]jf/ lg0f{o u/]sf eP ljBfyL{ / :s"nx¿n] lgDglnlvt r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf crfgs ug'{kg]{ lyPg / P;\Pn\;Lsf] kl/0ffd klg of] jif{ olt lg/fzfhgs x'g] lyPgM

  • b'O{ j6f gofF ljifo -:jf:Yo, jftfj/0f / hg;ª\Vof, ;fdflhs lzIff_ k9\g' k/]sf],

  • klxnf]kN6 cª\u|]hL efiffdf ;'gfO / af]nfOsf] hfFr,

  • clgjfo{ / P]lR5s ul0ft b'j}df w]/} cbn–abn ePsf] -h;lglDt lzIfsnfO{ tflnd lbOPsf] lyPg_

  • cf7 j6f ljifodf hfFr lbP/ ;a}df kf; x'g'kg]{ -of]eGbf cufl8 ;ft ljifo dfq lyof]_

  • gofF kf7\ok':tsx¿ ;dodf pknAw x'g g;s]sf],

  • sIff !) sf ljBfyL{x¿n] gf} dlxgf -;fpg–r}q_ sf] z}lIfs;q leq k9fO k"/f u/]/ …;]G6–ckÚ hfFr klg Eofpg' k/]sf] .

x'g t, kl/jlt{t s'/fx¿ ;a} g/fd|f 5}gg\ . w]/} a'Fbfn] g]kfnsf] lzIffnfO{ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg d2t g} k'¥ofpF5g\ . t/ gf} dlxg] z}lIfs;qdf ;a} kl/jlt{t s'/fx¿ ;d]6]/ /fd|f] glthf vf]Hg' u}/lhDd]jf/L s'/f lyof] . P;\Pn\;Ldf !% k|ltzt ljBfyL{ pQL0f{ gu/fpg] df]/ªsf *! dWo] %$ :s"nx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] sf/jfxL ug]{ s'/f k|sfzdf NofOPsf] 5 . t/, o;/L g/fd|f] glthf cfpg'df tL :s"n dfq bf]ifL 5g\ t < ;f]rljrf/ gu/L hyfefjL lg0f{o lng] tTsfnLg dGqL, ;lrj, k|zf;s / of]hgfsf/x¿n] rflxF s'g} lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ gkg]{ <  

km]l/ klg p:t} k|ltj]bg

cfkm}Fn] ;~rfng u/]sf ;fj{hlgs :s"nsf] Joj:yfkg / ToxfFsf] k7g–kf7g k4ltdfly k"/} Wofgs]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf, cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] 8/n] xf] jf c¿ g} sf/0fn], ;/sf/ / o;sf] z}lIfs k|zf;g ;d]t lghL :s"ndfly g} cf]Ol//x]sf 5g\ . xfn} lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnodf k|:t't ul/Psf] ljBfno lzIffsf] k|:tfljt sfo{gLlt / sfo{of]hgf;DaGwL æpRr:t/Lo sfo{;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg -c;f/, @)%*_Æ n] klg oxL s'/f ‰NsfpF5 . o;n] lzIff If]q;Fu ;Da4 xfd|f pRr clwsf/Lx¿n] slt ;lhnf] kf/fn] lzIffdfly v]njf8 u5{g\ eGg] k|:6 b]vfpF5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= lgd{nk|;fb kf08] / lzIffljb\x¿ 8f= dgk|;fb jfUn], 8f= lzj/fh nf]xgL, r'dfgl;+x a:g]t, /fd;/f]a/ b'a] ;d]t kfFr hgfn] xtf/df agfPsf] h:tf] b]lvg] of] k|ltj]bg k"/} lzIff hutsf] cfwf/ 8Udufpg] vfnsf] 5 . clxn];Dd ;fj{hlgs gePsf] of] k|ltj]bgn] lzIffdf w]/} cbnabn ug]{ sfo{qmd d"ntM lghL :s"ndf nufpg vf]h]sf] 5 . o;sf s]xL lgisif{ / ;'‰fj o:tf 5g\ M

  •  æ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] xsdf k|fylds tx;Ddsf] ljBfno ;~rfng vr{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] Joxf]g'{kg]{5 . ef}lts ;'ljwf Joj:yfkg / ;'wf/sf] lhDdf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] x'g]5 o;sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo, rGbfbftf, ;dfh;]jL Pj+ ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .Æ

  •  æcGt/f{li6«o dfGotfcg';f/ Go"gtd u'0f:t/ sfod ug{sf lgldQ k|lt ljBfyL{ #) cd]l/sL 8n/ vr{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .Æ -k[i7 #%_

  •  æ;fd'bflos ljBfno tTsfn k"0f{ lgMz'Ns ug]{ . ;+:yfut -xfn lghL_ ljBfnodf ;/sf/L cg'bfg lbO{ lgMz'Ns agfpg tof/L z'? ug]{ .Æ -k[i7 $&_

klxnf] a'Fbfn], ;dfgtfsf] gfpFdf b]zsf] b'u{d:yfgsf u/La hgtfnfO{ oyfl:yltdf 5fl8lbg], /fHon] s]xL gug]{ cfzo k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf] ;d'bfon] cfˆg} kxnaf6 s;/L :s"ndf ;'wf/ Nofpg] < h'Dnf jf lbQm]nsf ;d'bfon] nlntk'/sf] ;fg]kfdf a:g] ;d'bfo hlQs} ;|f]t ;fwg h'6fpg s;/L ;Dej x'G5 < b]zsf ;a} ;d'bfonfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ ljs6 7fpFdf /fHon] c‰ w]/} ;|f]t / ;fwg vr{ ug'{kg]{ xf]Og / <

bf];|f] a'Fbfdf, k|lt ljBfyL{ jflif{s #) cd]l/sL 8n/ -dfl;s ?= !*& / %) k};f_ vr{ ug'{kg]{ ;'‰fj ;f] 6f]nLn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] 5 . t/ olt nufgLdf :t/Lo lzIff xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ s'g} klg lhpFbf] g]kfnLn] kTofpg ;Sb}g . klxnf] s'/f t, xfd|f] lzIffsf] lx;fa cd]l/sL 8n/df ug]{ ljrf/ sxfFaf6 lsg cfof] < s'g} ljb]zLn] Tolt g} lbG5' eg]sf 5g\ ls < s'grflxF b]zn] olt k};fdf :t/Lo lzIff k|bfg u/]sf] 5 < km]l/ of] …:t/Ú eg]sf] s] xf], / slt;Dd ‰g{ ;S5 ca g]kfndf lzIffsf] :t/ < k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{sf nflu dfq xf]Og, Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;lsg] klg x'g'k5{ . Pp6f ljBfyL{df /fHo jf lghL If]qaf6 s] slt nufgL eO/x]sf] 5 eg]/ hfGg rfx]sf] eP Toqf …ljåfg\Úx¿ /x]sf] sfo{bnn] km]nf kfg{ jf lx;fa lgsfNg g;Sg] s'/f lyPg . /fhwfgLs} ;/sf/L :s"nsf k|wfgfWofksx¿sf] egfOdf k|fylds sIffsf] Pp6f ljBfyL{sf lglDt dfl;s ?= %)) eGbf a9L vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 .

sfo{bnn] o; ;DaGwdf lzIfs jf k|wfgfWofksx¿sf] egfO ;d]t ;'g]sf] b]lvFb}g . k|fylds lzIffdf dfWoflds lzIffeGbf w]/} nufgL x'g'k5{ eGg] tYo sd;]sd 6f]nLdWo]sf lzIffljb\nfO{ cjZo yfxf x'g'k5{ . of] txsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ærs / 6sÆsf] k9fOn] x'Fb}g / pgLx¿nfO{ kfsf] / afn ljsf;sf] 1fg ePsf] lzIfsn] k9fpg'k5{ . t/ ;w}F o:t} k|ltj]bg dfq cfO/xg] xf] eg] g]kfndf gLltut ¿kn] ljBfyL{ lxt x'g] sfd ;/sf/n] slxn] unf{ < cGt elgg] u/]‰}F clxn]sf] æ/fhgLlts l:ylt 7Ls 5}gÆ eg]/ a'‰krfP/ k"/f b]zsf] eljionfO{ vfN8f]lt/ 8f]¥ofpg] ;'‰fj t cjZo lbg vf]lhPsf] x}g xf]nf Û

æ;fd'bflos ljBfno tTsfn lgMz'Ns ug]{Æ eGg] h:tf gf/f t ;/sf/n] klxn]b]lv g} nufpFb} cfPsf] xf] / g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs lzIffsf] b'u{ltsf] k|d'v sf/0f klg o:t} gf/f x'g\ . /fhgLlts tj/df ælgMz'Ns lzIffÆ eGb} efif0f lbg] / :s"nx¿nfO{ cleefjsaf6 dfl;s z'Ns, egf{ z'Ns / k'gM egf{ z'Nsafx]s jflif{s z'Nscflbsf gfddf v';'Ss k};f lnP x'G5 eg]/ ;/sf/n] g} 5"6 lbPsf] xf] . ;Dj]bgzLn eP/ pQ/bfloTj axg ug'{kg]{x¿n] To;f] gul/lbFbf g} lzIffdf /fhgLlts/0f c‰ tLj| ¿kn] eof] / ljkIfL Pj+ e"ldut bnx¿sf ;fy;fy} cleefjsx¿n] klg lzIff If]qnfO{ 3[0ffsf] ¿kn] x]g{ yfn] . g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] log} sf/0f b]vfP/ b'O{–tLg jif{ cufl8b]lv ;/sf/L :s"nnfO{ …sf/jfxLÚ ug{ yfn]sf] xf] .

ælzIff k"0f{ ¿kdf lgMz'Ns x'g'kg]{Æ gf/f s] xfd|f] cfd dfgl;stf cg'?k 5 < l;Q}Fdf …/fd|f] lzIffÚ s;/L / sxfF kfOG5 < oyfy{df, …l;Q}Fdf lzIffÚsf] cJofjxfl/s / c;Ët gf/f g} xfd|f] z}lIfs cwf]ultsf] sf/0f aGg k'u]sf] xf] . xf], :s"nx¿ ;/sf/sf] ;xfotfdf rNg'k5{ t/ ztk|ltzt …lgMz'NsÚ xf]Og . cleefjsn] kfFr ?lkofF dfq lt¥of] eg] klg p;n] u'0f:t/ vf]H5 / :s"nsf] ultljlwdf rfv /fV5 . …lgMz'Ns lzIffÚ sf] gf/fn] cleefjs / ;d'bfonfO{ :s"naf6 6f9f n}hfG5 / /fhgLlt1x¿n] afx]s c¿n] cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf] s'/f af]Ng] df}sf ;d]t kfpFb}gg\ . Jojxf/tM c;Dej x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ælgMz'Ns lzIff lbG5'Æ eg]/ ;/sf/n] cleefjsaf6 …cfˆgf] s]6fs]6Lsf] eljio pHofnf] kfg]{Ú pgLx¿sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bfloTj vf]l;/x]sf] 5 .

jf:tljstf :jLsf/f}F

s] of] ‰u8f vfln lghL ;|f]tdf ;~rflnt / ;/sf/n] rnfPsf :s"nx¿aLr dfq xf] t < cjZo xf]Og . t/ kmfObf p7fpg vf]Hg]x¿n] To:tf] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf u/]sf] rflxF kSs} xf] . b]zsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs jf:tljstfnfO{ cËLsf/ u/]/ lghL / ;/sf/L :s"n ldn]/ g]kfnsf] eljio agfpg ;S5g\ . t/ To;lglDt /fhgLlts zlQm / z}lIfs gLlt–lgwf{/sx¿n] clxn]h:tf] lghL ;|f]tsf :s"nx¿nfO{ ci6dLsf] af]sf ‰}F kl;{g aGb ug'{k5{ .

s'g} klg cleefjsn] k]6 sf6]/, gofF n'uf glsg]/ / cg]sf}F pkfo u/]/ klg cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] lglDt :t/Lo lzIff vf]H5g\ . :s"nx¿aLr b]vf k/]sf] k|lt:kwf{ / :t/j[l4n] g]kfnd} klg /fd|f] lzIff kfOG5 eg]/ cfˆgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ oxLF lzIff lbg] cleefjssf] ;ª\Vof a9\b}5 . sf7df8f}Fsf] :s"n /fd|f] x'Fbf cGo zx/df klg /fd|f] lghL lzIffsf] nx/ rn]sf] 5 / o;sf] c;/ ufpFufpFdf klg k'u]sf] 5 . ha;Dd ;fj{hlgs lzIff ;/sf/n] /fd|f] lbg ;Sb}g, cleefjs / ljBfyL{n] ;/sf/L jf lghL :s"n /f]Hg] :jtGqtf kfO/xg'k5{ . lzIffdf s[lqd aGb]h nufpg' eg]sf] cGwsf/sf] o'u leœofpg' xf] . cfhsf] g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] vfFrf] lghL jf ;/sf/L :s"n eg]/ e]b u/]/ Pp6fnfO{ sfvf / csf]{nfO{ kfvf kfg]{ xf]Og ls, b'j}nfO{ ;3fp, 6]jf, lg/LIf0f / ;'k/Lj]If0f k'¥ofP/ c‰ dfly p7fpg' xf] . ;/sf/L :s"nsf] :t/ dfly prfNg ;a}n] plQs} kxn ug'{k5{ / ;/sf/sf] ;|f]t, ;fwg / Ifdtf klg o;d} s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ . lghL ;|f]tdf rnfOPsf :s"nx¿n] To;df ;3fp k'¥ofpg'k5{, lsgeg] *)Ü g]kfnLsf 5f]/f5f]/L k9\g] ;/sf/–;~rflnt :s"nx¿sf] :t/ j[l4 geP;Dd lghL :s"nsf] pTkfbgn] dfq g]kfnsf] d'xf/ km]g{ ;Sb}g . /fd|f] lzIf0f ;+:yf v8f ug{ bzsf}F nfU5, /fhg}lts gf/fsf] af9Ldf Ps}lbgdf Tof] km]l/ ;j{gfz x'g klg ;S5 .

lghL ljBfnosf sltko x]nr]qm\ofOF cf}FNofPsf]df cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] lqmofsnfknfO{ Toltxb;Dd ;/fxgLo dfGg'k5{, t/ clxn]s} tj/df tLdfly cfqmd0f hf/L /fVg] xf] eg] b]zsf] z}lIfs ;Defjgf bzf}F jif{ k5fl8 hfg]5 . xf], lghL ljBfnox¿n] cfk"mnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{ vfFrf] k|:6 5 . tLdfly ;/sf/sf] lgu/fgL klg ;zQm x'g'k5{ . t/ cfh lghL ljBfnodfly cf]Ol/Psf ljBfyL{ ;Ë7gb]lv ;/sf/L clkm;/ / sG;N6\ofG6 dxf]box¿sf] Wofg $) nfv s]6fs]6Lsf] eljio ufFl;Psf] ;/sf/L lzIff s;/L ;kfg]{ eGg]df s]lGb|t x'g' a9L cfjZos 5 .

lagf ax;, lagf ljjfb / ljgf cWoog tof/ kf/]sf] kl5Nnf] z}lIfs k|ltj]bg h:tfsf] t:t} sfof{Gjog x'g] xf] eg] cfh cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] laufb}{ u/]sf] z}lIfs ;+/rgf cfkm}F Wj:t x'g]5 / To;sf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ sf]xL klg cufl8 cfpg] 5}gg\ . t;y{ sd{rf/L, lzIfs, /fhgLlt1 tyf cleefjs ;a}sf] nIo x'g'k5{M

  • lghL If]qn] xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAw / cg'ejnfO{ ;/sf/L :s"nx¿df k'¥ofpg],

  • jf:tljs ;fd'bfoLs/0f / cfjZos ;/sf/L nufgL u/]/ :s"nnfO{ ;d'bfo / ;/sf/sf] ;dfg'kflts lgoGq0f / lgu/fgLdf ;+rfng ug]{,

o;df xfdL ;kmn eof}F eg] ;fj{hlgs :s"n /fd|f] x'Fbf, lghL ljBfno cfkm}F aGb x'G5g\ . To;kl5, lghL ljBfno aGb u/fpg s;}n] cfGbf]ng klg ug'{ kb}{g .