j}ejzfnL ;+;f/dflysf] cfqmd0f, xhf/f}F Hofgsf] vlt / caf}{F 8n/sf] Iflt, Tof] klg cgf}7f] k|ljlw ckgfP/ . s;}n] sNkgf ug{ EofPsf] lyPg cftÍsf/Lx¿n] ofq'afxs h]6nfO{ ld;fondf kl/0ft unf{g\ eg]/ . …tf/f o'4Ú cyf{t\ cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf nflu ld;fon g} ld;fonsf] ;'/Iffsjr lgdf{0fsf] tof/L ul//x]sf] cd]l/sfsf] nflu jN8{ 6«]8 ;]G6/ / k]G6fug dfly cftÍjfbLx¿sf] xdnf p;sf] …cx+Ú dflysf] cfqmd0f aGg k'Uof] . of] 36gf p;sf nflu OHhtsf] ;jfn aGof] . To;}n] p;n] 3f]if0ff u¥of], æof] :jtGqtfdflysf] wfjf xf], ;Eo ;+;f/dflysf] cfqmd0f xf], o;sf] abnf lnOg]5 .Æ

of] cfqmf]lzt dxfzlQm /fi6«nfO{ cfˆgf] kl5Nnf] ;fdl/s / /fhgLlts x}l;otsf] k/v ug]{ df}sf ldn]sf] 5, o; avt . To;}n] /fi6«klt a';n] ;+;bdf af]Nb} ;a} /fi6«x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] …kf]lh;gÚ :ki6 kfg{ cfXjfg u/]M æof t ltdLx¿ xfdL;Fu x'g]5f}, of t cftÍjfbsf] kIfdf .Æ a';sf] of] cfu|xnfO{ s;}n] a]jf:tf u/]g . clwsf+zn] cfkm" …a';;FuÚ ePsf] hgfp cljnDa lbP, g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL b]pjfs} z}nLdf . lxhf];Dd cftÍsf/L kfNg], kf]:g] / x'sf{pg] …/u g];gÚ cyf{t\ cftÍjfbsf ;|f]t elgPsf /fi6«x¿ ;d]t cGt/f{li6«o cftÍjfb lj?4sf] cd]l/sL cleofgdf ;xif{ ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . ckmuflg:tfgsf] tflnjfg ;/sf/nfO{ dfGotf lbg] tLgj6f b]zdWo] ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\; / ;fpbL c/]laofn] cfˆgf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnO;s]sf 5g\ eg] kfls:tfg ;a}lt/sf] bafadf 5 . k|:tfljt o'4sf] nIonfO{ cd]l/sLx¿n] o;/L JofVof u/]sf 5g\M æs]xL cftÍjfbLx¿nfO{ ;dfTg] xfd|f] nIo xf]Og, xfd|f] nIo ltgLx¿ a:g] u'Kt :yfg, ltgLx¿sf] hLjgk4lt, ltgsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fwg / dfWodx¿ ;d'n gi6 kfg'{ xf] . ;|f]t h'6fOlbg] cyf{t\ cftÍjfb x'sf{pg], kfNg], ;xof]u / ;b\efj /fVg] /fi6«x¿sf] eljio klg ;d'n gi6 kfl/g]5 .Æ of] PstkmL{ o'4sf] 3f]if0ffkl5 s]xLnfO{ 5f]8]/ ;+;f/sf ;fgf7"nf, wgL–u/La ;a} b]zsf ;/sf/x¿ …cGt/f{li6«o cftÍjfbsf lj?4 n8\gÚ cd]l/sL ‰08f d'lg ce"tk"j{ ¿kdf uf]naGb x'g k'u]sf 5g\ .

lsg eof] cd]l/sfdflysf] cfqmd0f < cyf{t\ s] sf/0f eof] < of] clxn] vf]hLsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5}g . s;/L eof] / o;df sf] sf] ;+nUg lyP jf x'g ;S5g\ eGg] k|Zgdf dfq ;f/f ;+;f/sf] Wofg 8f]¥ofOPsf] 5 . Toqf] …k|efjsf/LÚ cfqmd0fsf] s'g} b]z jf cftÍsf/L÷ljb|f]xL ;d"xn] lhDd]jf/L :jLsf/ gu/]kl5 s]xL jif{otf cd]l/sfsf] s§/ zq'sf ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofpFb} cfPsf ckmuflg:tfgsf tflnjfg / ToxLF cv8f hdfP/ a;]sf cf];fdf ljg nfb]g zÍfsf] 3]/fdf kg{ k'u] . cd]l/sfsf] nflu cfˆgf] k|ltåGåL vf]Hg' :jfefljs dfq geP/ ckl/xfo{ klg lyof] . p;sf] …dxfzlQm /fi6«Ú sf] cx+ sfod /fVg tTsfn s]xL gu/L gx'g] lyof] . ljgf k|ltåGåL o'4sf] 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Dej lyPg . Go'of]s{ cfqmd0fkl5sf b'O{ ;ftf cd]l/sfn] Psflt/ p4f/ tyf o'4sf] tof/L / jftfj/0f agfpgdf latfof] eg] csf{lt/ tflnjfg / nfb]glj?4sf k|df0f h'6fpgdf . cd]l/sflj?4 tyfslyt …h]xfbÚ -wd{o'4_ nl8/x]sf nfb]g, cd]l/sfsf] gh/df cftÍjfbnfO{ r/dr'nLdf k'¥ofpg] tflnjfg / To;sf] zf;gk4ltdfly k|xf/ ug]{ tof/L ca nueu k"/f eO;s]sf] 5 . 9L7 tflnjfgx¿, cd]l/sfnfO{ nfb]g ;'Dkg'eGbf n8]/ dg'{ 7Ls 7flg/x]sf 5g\ . @@ jif{b]lv nuftf/ n8]/ ;f/ËL k]6 af]s]sf ckmufgx¿n] k'gM Psk6s tflnjfgx¿sf nflu dxfzlQm /fi6« cd]l/sf -h;n] tflnjfgnfO{ x'sf{pg caf}{F 8n/ wg/fzL xltof/df vr{ u/]sf] lyof]_ lj?4 n8\g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 .

s] cGt/f{li6«o cftÍjfb ca h/}b]lv pvlng] eof] t < of] k|Zg clxn] hv{/fP/ p7]sf] 5 . Pp6f s'/f lglZrt 5, o'4 eof] eg] ckmuflg:tfgsf tflnjfgx¿n] 7"nf] d"No r'sfpg'kg]{5 . xhf/f}F ckmufgLx¿n] zxfbt k|fKt unf{g\ . ToxfF cln cln afFsL /x]sf ;+/rgfsf cfwf/x¿ klg gi6 xf]nfg\, /f;folgs xltof/sf] k|of]un], ar]sf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbf / To;df lge{/ hLjgk4lt klg gi6 xf]nf Û t/, To;kl5 cftÍjfb lgd"{n xf]nf < k}FtL; /fi6«df km}lnPsf] …cn sfobfÚ ;Ë7gsf] cGt/f{li6«o hfnf]dfly k"0f{ clwsf/ k|fKt unf{ t of] klZrdL u7aGwgn] < cd]l/sfnfO{ ;dy{g gug]{ lnlaof, O/fs, pQ/ sf]l/of, So"jf cflb /fi6«x¿ dfly klg cfqmd0f ug]{ gLlt cd]l/sfn] ckgfof] eg] clxn] u7aGwgdf cfPsf /fi6«x¿n] s] unf{g\ < t/ xfnnfO{ ckmuflg:tfg g} cfqmd0fsf] s]Gb|df 5 . tflnjfgx¿sf] ;Tofgfzkl5 ToxfF s;nfO{ ;Qfdf Nofpg] eGg] ax;;d]t z'? eO;s]sf] 5 .

cftÍjfb / ljZj ax;

ædWok"j{ -Kofn]:6fOg_ sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg eof] eg] dfq cftÍjfb lj?4sf] o'4df cd]l/sfn] ;kmntf kfpg]5, olb o'/f]k / cd]l/sf ldn]/ of] ;d:of ;dfwfg u/]gg\ eg] xfdLn] b]Vg]5f}F, csf]{ gofF cftÍsf/L k':tfn] ;+;f/sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{ xNnfOlbg]5,Æ cd]l/sfsf 3lgi6 ldq Pj+ OlhK6sf /fi6«klt xf]:gL d'jf/ssf] of] egfOn] ljZj cftÍjfbsf] h8 cd]l/sfn] clxn] ;fljt ug{ vf]h]h:tf] ckmuflg:tfg, tflnjfg / nfb]g;Dd dfq ;Lldt 5}g, cGoq klg 5 eGg] :ki6 u5{ . otf blIf0f Pl;ofdf rflxF cftÍjfbsf k|d'v ;|f]t sflZd/sf] ljjfb / >LnÍfsf] tfldn ljb|f]x x'g\ . oL b'j} ;d:ofn] Gofo;Ët / zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; gkfP;Dd of] If]qn] cftÍjfbaf6 :yfoL d'lQm kfpg] 5}g . x'g klg, cd]l/sfn] cfˆgf] cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts gLltdf kl/jt{g gNofP;Dd cftÍjfbsf ;d:ofx¿ TolQs} dfq /xg] 5}gg\, c‰ ljs/fn aGg]5g\ . cd]l/sfsf] OR5fdf nfb]g hlGdof], To:t} tflnjfg klg . To;sf] ;dflKt klg cd]l/sL OR5fdf g} e/ kb}{5 . clxn] p;sf tdfd k|oTgn] s] b]vfpFb} 5g\ eg], of] o'4 cftÍjfb lj?4 xf]Og, of] o'4 t km]l/ ;}Go /fhgLltnfO{ v8f ug]{ sbd xf] .

/fHo / JolQmcftÍsf] ¿kdf clxn] ;+;f/sf y'k|} b]zx¿df …cftÍjfbÚ df}nfO/x]sf] 5 . kfls:tfg– ckmuflg:tfg / sflZd/df, ef/t– sflZd/ / pQ/k"jL{ /fHox¿df, rLg– l;g´ofª / ltAatdf / ¿;– r]r]Gofdf clN‰/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a}h;f] ;d:of /fhgLlts k|s[ltsf 5g\Ù t/ ;Da4 b]zx¿ oL ;d:ofsf] /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]Hg c;kmn 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o d~rx¿df logsf] l:ylt ;w}F k|lt/IffTds /xFb} cfpg'sf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] . o;}sf/0f clxn] cd]l/sfsf] …cfb]zÚ nfO{ …lz/f]wfo{Ú ug{ oL d'n'sx¿ afWo ePsf x'g\ . x'g t, tfTsflns lx;fan] cd]l/sfsf] cfu|xdf ;fy lbg' lognfO{ kmfObfhgs klg 5 . ltgnfO{ cfˆgf] /fHo / ;/sf/lj?4 nl8/x]sf ;a}vfn] ljb|f]xLx¿nfO{ …cftÍjfbLÚ sf] ;+1f lbP/ bafpg] /fd|f] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cftÍjfbsf gfddf lgxTyf hgtf dfl/P eg] klg xfn;fnnfO{ dfgjclwsf/sf] s'g} nf}/f]n] To:tf b]zsf zf;sx¿nfO{ ;tfpg] 5}g, lsgeg] dfgjflwsf/sf] ;jfndf cfkm"nfO{ ljZjsf] k|x/L atfpFb} cfPsf] cd]l/sf cfkm}F ljZjaf6 …cftÍjfbÚ lgd"{n kfg{ o'4sf] d}bfgdf plqPsf] 5 .

t/ lg/fzfjfbLx¿sf] ts{ leGg 5 . pgLx¿sf] ljrf/df cfkm}F cftÍjfbsf] ;|f]t ag]sf /fi6«x¿n] bf]xf]/f] dfkb08 ckgfpg] 5g\ . clxn]sf] ;Defljt o'4df cd]l/sfnfO{ ;fy lbg] /fi6«x¿ cfˆgf] lxt cg's"n gx'g] b]v]kl5 cd]l/sfåf/f kl/eflift …cftÍjfbÚ df ;xdt x'g 5f]8\g] 5g\ . lsgls ahf/ cy{tGqn] o:tf kl/efiffnfO{ kl/l:yltsf] vfFrf] cg'?k gofF df]8 lbg]5, h;/L k/df0f' k/LIf0fkl5 ef/t / kfls:tfg dfly nufPsf] Jofkfl/s k|ltaGw cfkm"lj?4 cftÍjfbL xdnf x'gf;fy cd]l/sfn] km's'jf u¥of] . To;}n] …Go'of]s{–6«]h]8LÚ / To;kl5sf 36gfqmdaf6 lg/fz ePsfx¿ ;Defljt o'4n] cftÍjfbsf] h/f]–lsnf] gpv]Ng] a? c‰ km}ng] b]V5g\ . s]xLn] rflxF oL tdfd 36gfkl5 ljZjdf gofF ljrf/wf/f -cfOl8of]]nf]hL_ sf] hu a:g], gofF d"No / dfGotfx¿ :yflkt x'g] ;Defjgf klg b]v]sf 5g\ . logsf] x]/fOdf clxn] cd]l/sf nufotsf zlQmx¿n] ug{ vf]h]sf] n8fOF c;kmn x'G5 t/ To;kl5 ljrf/wf/f ljlxgtfn] hGdfPsf] cftÍjfbn] ;xL cfGbf]ngsf] ?k lng]5 .

o;}aLr cftÍjfbnfO{ ljZjdf ljBdfg cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿ / a9\b} uPsf] c;dfgtf;Fu hf]]8]/ x]g'{kg]{ cfjfh klg rls{g yfn]sf] 5 . o:tf] cfjfh p7fpg]x¿sf] b[9 ljZjf; 5Ù ljZj cy{tGq / /fhgLltdf lglZrt b]z, ju{ / ;dfhn] dfq x}sd hdfpg] k|j[lQ / gLltx¿ gablnP;Dd cftÍjfbsf] cGTo c;Dej 5 .  

cK7\of/f] ;F3f/df ljZj

!! ;]K6]Da/sf] qf;bLkl5 cd]l/sL ;dfh cToGt qmf]lwt ag]sf] 5 . ;+od, w}o{ / wd{ lg/k]IftfnfO{ cd]l/sLx¿n] lal;{Psf 5g\ . ljk/Lt wfld{s ;d'bfo gi6 kfg{ k|of]u x'g] …qm';]8Ú h:tf] zAb k|of]u u/]/ ;+od u'dfpg]x¿sf] kª\lQmdf :jo+ /fi6«klt a';;Dd pleg k'u] -oBlk, kl5 of] zAb lkmtf{ lnOof]_ . cfˆgf] b]zsf] gful/stf Tofu]/ cd]l/sfdf a:g k'u]sf tyf cNksfnsf nflu /f]huf/L ug{ uPsf blIf0f Pl;ofnL / dWok"j{sf dflg;x¿ uf]/f cd]l/sLx¿sf] lzsf/ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

wfld{s cltjfbsf] r/ddf k'u]sf] tflnjfg / To;sf] ;xof]uL …cn sfobfÚ u|'k ;dfKt x'g] lbzftkm}{ pGd'v lyof] . ax'njfbL ;fdflhs ;+;f/df ljkIfL wdL{k|lt c;lxi0f' x'g', dlxnfx¿dfly c;fWo cdfgjLo Jojxf/ nfb\g', jfldofg a'4 d"lt{x¿ tf]8\g', d'l:nd wd{sf] hu]gf{sf gfddf ;dfhnfO{ ztfAbLof}F k5fl8 ws]Ng' / ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/df wd{ d'lQmsf gfddf h]xfbsf] c§xf; ug'{ dflglnpFm pgLx¿sf] 7]Ssfdf lyof] . hgtfsf] pGglt, k|ult, lzIff, :jf:Yo / k|To]s If]qdf hg;xeflutf gsfb}{ cflbd o'utkm{ ws]Ng] tflnjfgL zf;gk4ltsf] ;dflKt cfkm}F clgjfo{ aGb} uPsf] lyof] . t/ ltgsf] pTyfgstf{ kfls:tfg / ;Da4{gstf{ cd]l/sfåf/f g} lgs6 eljiodf ;+xf/ x'g] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .

ckmuflg:tfgsf ;Dk"0f{ l5b|x¿ kfls:tfgnfO{ yfxf 5 . To;}n] cd]l/sf kfls:tfg dfkm{t\ g} ToxfF k:b}5 . t's{d]lg:tfg, tfh]ls:tfg / pHj]ls:tfg tflnjfgaf6 To;} klg kLl8tx¿ g} x'g\ . O/fg sDd/ s;]/ tflnjfgsf] lj/f]wdf nfu]sf] 5 . tflnjfgsf c/a l5d]sLx¿n] cd]l/sf / ljZj bafjsf ;fd' 3'F8f 6]ls;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] o'4 nfdf] x'g]jfnf 5}g . hlt nfdf] o'4 n8\of] Tolt g} kmFl;G5 eGg] cd]l/sLx¿nfO{ /fd|f] cg'ej 5 . To;}n] pm k/df0f' c:qafx]s c? ;a} vfn] xltof/ k|of]u u/]/ Wj:t kfg{ rfxG5 ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ . Pp6f zlQmsf] ?kdf pld|Psf] hdftsf] cl:tTj ;dflKtnfO{ glhsaf6 x]g]{5g\ ckmufgx¿n] / cfˆgf] Pstfsfsf] 3lgi6 ldqsf] cj;fgdf uf]xLsf] cfF;' aufpg] 5 kfls:tfgn] .

…b O08 ckm lxi6«LÚ n]Vg]x¿n], tflnjfg hGdG5g\ eGg] x]Ssf /fv]gg\ . ;f]leot ;ª\3 / p;n] af]s]sf] ljrf/wf/fsf] ;dflKtsf nflu v8f ul/Psf] tflnjfg cflv/ cfkm}Fdfly vlgG5 eGg] yfxf ePg cd]l/sfnfO{ . ;+;f/dfly cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts cflwkTo vf]Hbf lrnLdf ;fNef8f]/ cn]08]nfO{ l;WofP/ lkgf];] hlGdof], lgsf/fu'jfdf sf]G6«f, cËf]nfdf o'lg6f cflb hGdfOP . cyf{t\ cd]l/sfn] cftÍjfbsf] ;|f]t ;j{k|yd cfkm}Fleq vf]Hg'kg]{ xf] . ef/t clxn] kfls:tfgnfO{ cftÍjfbsf] ;|f]t k|dfl0ft ug{ dl/d]6]/ nfluk/]sf] 5 . t/ >LnÍf / g]kfnn] To:tf] ;|f]t s;nfO{ 7fGg] < kfls:tfg, ef/t jf cf–cfkm}FnfO{ < o;}n] ;+;f/ clxn] Oltxf;sf] cK7\of/f] ;F3f/df plePsf] 5 . xfdL /ldt] eP/ tdf;f x]g]{ kfqsf] ¿kdf / xfd|f ;/sf/x¿ afXozlQmsf] s7k'tnLsf] ¿kdf .  

gfh's df]8df dWok"j{ Pl;of

;a}n] cg'dfg ul/;s]sf 5g\, k|:tfljt o'4sf] 7"nf] df/ ckmuflg:tfgkl5 vf8L /fi6«x¿nfO{ kg]{5 . Ps bzscl3sf] vf8L o'4b]lv ltgLx¿ ljeflht dfq 5}gg\, Ps–csf{k|lt zq'jt klg 5g\ . To;n] ubf{ klg pgLx¿ a9L df/df kg]{5g\ . Kofn]i6]gLx¿ lxhf] / cfheGbf c¿ a9L ;tfOg] 5g\ . t]nsf] /f]oN6L vfP/ afFlr/x]sf c/a zf;sx¿ / t]ns} gfkmfdf cGoq sf/f]af/ ul//x]sf ax'/fli6«o lgudx¿ ;a} efjL o'4af6 k|efljt x'g]5g\ . cd]l/sf / …gf6f] u7aGwgÚ ;Fu c/a zf;sx¿sf] /fd|f] ;DaGw ePsf]n] ToxfFsf] /fhgLlt / cy{tGqdf o'4sf] c;/ gknf{ ls eGg] /fo klg Psyl/sf] 5 . t/ ;fdflhs ljz]if1x¿ eG5g\, ToxfFsf hgtfsf] ;f]rfO leGg 5 . pgLx¿ ToxfF ePsf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿dfly hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] kIfdf 5g\ . To;}n] ;/sf/x¿n] v'n]/ o'4df cd]l/sfsf] ;fy lbP eg] wfld{s Pj+ cfly{s lx;fan] ToxfF hgljb|f]x z'? x'g;S5 . ;fdGtL zf;gsf hux¿ hu}b]lv xlNng ;S5g\ . vf8Lsf zf;sx¿df cd]l/sfnfO{ ;fy glbFbf cfˆg} l5d]sn] k|lt:kwf{df pl5Gnf / l5d]sLs} ;xof]udf cd]l/sfsf] lzsf/ aGg'knf{ eGg] 8/ klg 5 . cd]l/sfn] rfxFbf c/a d'n'sx¿ s;/L ljeflht x'G5g\ / c/a gful/s s;/L ;tfOG5g\ eGg] b[i6fGt ltgn] n]agfg, Kofn]i6fOg / nfvf}F caf]w lzz'n] pkrf/ / kf]if0fsf] cefjdf Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] O/fsdf b]lvg}/x]sf 5g\ .

cd]l/sL /fi6«klt a'z .

o;/L x]bf{ l;Ëf] c/a If]q Pp6f lg0ff{os / gfh's df]8df pleg cfOk'u]sf] 5Ù hgljb|f]x / cGt/f{li6«o bafasf] ;F3f/df . t}klg xfnnfO{ ToxfFsf zf;sx¿sf] cl:tTj/Iff cd]l/sL lxt;Fu} hf]l8Psf] 5, lsgeg] k|:tfljt n8fOF cGt/f{li6«o cftÍjfbsf] gfpFdf x'Fb}5 . /, hgljb|f]xnfO{ cftÍjfb;Fu hf]8]/ bafpg kfOG5 . tyflk, cd]l/sf / hgtfdWo] s;sf] ;fy nfUbf cfkm" / cfˆgf] ;QfnfO{ sd c;/ k5{ eGg] lgSof}{n ug{ ltgnfO{ ;lhnf] 5}g . ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\; / ;fpbL c/]laofn] tflnjfgnfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lgs} bafakl5 lkmtf{ lnPsf x'g\ . t/ ;fpbL ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] ev{/} tof/ ePsf] cTofw'lgs ;}lgs ljdfg:yn o'4sf lglDt cd]l/sf / p;sf ;xof]uLx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpg cfn6fn u/]sf] sf/0f …o'4Ú sf] yfngLd} l9nfO eof] . ckmuflg:tfgkl5 bf];|f] tf/f]df k/]sf] 5 O/fs, hf] df/af6 aRg ;S5 ;Sb}g lglZrt 5}g . t/ ckmuflg:tfgkl5 c¿ d'l:nd b]zx¿df o'4sf] cfuf] km}lnof] eg] Tof] o'4 ;a}sf nflu dxFuf] x'g]5 .  

ef/t÷kfls:tfgsf] RofFv] bfp

…kl/efiffÚ sf] cfwf/df blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;a} /fi6«x¿ cfGtl/s / afXo b'a} vfnsf] cftÍjfbaf6 kLl8t 5g\ . ef/t / kfls:tfgaLr hGdhft zq'tf 5 . zLto'4sfndf kfls:tfg cd]l/sfsf] kf]N6fdf / ef/t ;f]leot ;ª\3sf] ;fydf lyof] . ;f]leot ;ª\3sf] ljv08g kl5 Tof] ;dLs/0f ab\lnPsf] 5 . /, ;+;f/sf] Psdfq …;'k/ kfj/Ú cd]l/sf;Fu a9L glhs x'g ef/t / kfls:tfgsf] xf]8afhL r/dr'nLdf 5 .

ckmuflg:tfgdflysf] cfqmd0fdf cd]l/sfnfO{ ;}lgs k|of]hgsf nflu cfˆgf] e"ld / tflnjfgsf sdhf]/ kIf Pj+ l5b|x¿ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ tyf To;sf] ;dflKtsf nflu ;a} tl/sfn] nfUg'kg]{ kfls:tfgsf] afWotf ef/t / kfls:tfg aLrsf] åGåsf] pkh xf] . x'g t kfls:tfgn] cfkm" ldq -tflnjfg_ 3ft lglDt tTk/ eP jfkt cd]l/sf / p;sf ;xof]uLx¿af6 cfly{s / /fhgLlts k|ltkmnsf] dxTjfsf+Iff /fv]sf] 5 . p;sf] klxnf] rfxgf hg/n d';/{kmsf] kmf}hL ;/sf/nfO{ klZrdf b]zx¿af6 dfGotf k|fKt ug'{ xf] . o:tf] dfGotfn] r'gfj u/fpg'kg]{ bafjaf6 d';/{kmn] tTsfnnfO{ d'lQm kfpg]5g\ . o;afx]s 6f6 klN6g nfu]sf] cy{tGqnfO{ hf]ufpg cd]l/sf / o'/f]kaf6 C0f Pj+ cg'bfgsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng', ;}lgs ;fdu|Lsf] v/Lbdf tL d'n'sn] nufPsf] k|ltaGw x6fpg' / sflZd/sf] ;jfndf cd]l/sfsf] :ki6 ;dy{g h'6fpg', kfls:tfgn] k|:tfljt o'4df cd]l/sfnfO{ ;fy lbPkl5 /fv]sf c¿ ck]Iff x'g\ .

otf ef/t rflxF ;a} lsl;dn] kfls:tfgnfO{ blIf0f Pl;ofnL cftÍjfbsf] d'xfgsf ¿kdf :yflkt ug{ k|of;/t 5 . o;lglDt sflZd/ / tflnjfg p;sf alnof b[i6fGt x'g\ . To;}n] cd]l/sfsf] glhs x'g p;n] a';sf] If]Kof:q sfo{qmd -Pg\Pd\8L_ sf] :jfut u¥of] . clxn] sflZd/sf] d'2f cfˆgf] kIfdf xn u/fpg cd]l/sfn] gdflusg}, xjfO{ cv8f, xftxltof/ / c‰ kmf}hL sf/jfxLdf ;d]t cd]l/sfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ pm tTk/ 5 . kfls:tfgnfO{ xf]rf] b]vfpg] w"gdf ef/tn] cfˆgf] :yfkgfsfnb]lvsf] c;+nUg k//fi6« gLltnfO{ klxnf] k6s o;}kfnf TofUof] .

ef/t / kfls:tfgsf] of] RofFv] /fhgLltsf sf/0f blIf0f Plzofn] cfˆgf] :jtGq kIfw/tfnfO{ dfq u'dfPsf] 5}g, cfˆgf] If]qsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs, /fhgLlts lg0f{osf dxTjk"0f{ kIfx¿ klg u'dfPsf] 5 . ;fs{sf] a}7s x'g g;Sg', cg]sg\ If]qLo ;xof]usf of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg', t/ zf;s ju{sf] :jfy{sf lglDt dxfzlQmnfO{ v'zL kfg{ jiff}{F k'/fgf] c8fg / l;4fGt TofUg tTk/ x'g'nfO{ blIf0f Pl;ofsf] b'ef{Uo 7fGg'k5{ . 

ljZjn] Aoxf]g'{kg]{ 3f6f

3f6f s;n] Aoxf]g'{ knf{ < s–s;n] xfnf{g\ / s–s;n] lhTnfg\ < o'4sf s'/f ePkl5 cfsng ug'{kg]{ ljifo log} x'g\ . jN8{ 6«]8 ;]G6/ / k]G6fugdf ePsf] ljgf;sf] ;a}eGbf dxFuf] d"No lgl/x ckmufg hgtfn] cfkm" / cfkmGtx¿sf] d[To'af6 r'Qmf ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . lsgeg], o'4df ;}lgs dfq dfl/Ggg\, ;/sf/sf] dfq 3f6f x'Gg . .

e"d08nLs/0f lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng of] o'4sf] df/df kg]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf x'g]5 . cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]if, ljZj Aofª\s / ljZj Jofkf/ ;Ë7gsf u/Ladf/f gLlt lj?4 #–$ jif{b]lv z'? ePsf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng sdhf]/ aGg] :ki6 ;Defjgf b]vf k/]sf] 5 .

cftÍjfbn] 36fPsf] jt{dfg 36gfkl5 k"FhLjfbL ljZj /fhgLltnfO{ zlQm PsLs[t ug{, cfb]z kfngf u/fpg, cfb]z kfng gug]{ zf;gJoj:yf kl/jt{g u/fpg Pp6f dha"t cfwf/ k|fKt x'g]5 . To;n] hgpQ/bfoL, hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/x¿nfO{ sdhf]/ / ;j{;QfjfbL Pj+ kmf}hL / tfgfzfxL k4ltnfO{ dha't t'Nofpg] 5 . Gofo, :jtGqtf / k|hftGqsf nflu eO/x]sf ;ª\3if{x¿n] 7Ss/ vfg]5g\ . hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt / cflbjf;L clwsf/sf nflu eO/x]sf ;+3if{x¿ klg ;Í6df kg]{ 5g\ .  ef]hg, cfjf;, cf}iflw, cfˆg} pTkfbg / cfˆgf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t–;fwgsf] cfkm}Fn] k|of]u ug{ eO/x]sf ;ª\3if{x¿ ;d:ofdf kg]{5g\ .

dfly pNn]lvt s'/fx¿n] ubf{ tTsfnsf nflu l;Ëf] ljZj dfgj ;d'bfon] lgs} 7"nf] 3f6f Joxf]g'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;af6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cftÍjfbn] ;dfh / cfkm" hlGdPsf] x'ls{Psf] ljZjnfO{ s;}u/L klg ;3fpFb}g eGg] g} k|dfl0ft u5{ .

k|:tfljt o'4n] cfly{s cefj, a]/f]huf/L, e'vd/LnfO{ ‰g\ a9fpg]5 . lsgeg] ;+;f/df km}nFb} u/]sf] cfly{s dGbLsf] ultnfO{ o;n] c‰ a9fpg] 5 . jt{dfg o'4 wdf{Gwtfaf6 z'? ePsf]n] nufgL / pTkfbsTjdf lx:;f lglZrt ;d'bfo / wdf{jnDaLx¿df dfq s]lGb|t x'g]5 . To; cy{df t];|f] ljZjsf d'n'sx¿ o'4af6 c?eGbf a9L g} k|efljt x'g]5g\ .

o'4 nlDag] jfnf eg] 5}g, w]/} eP Ps dlxgfb]lv tLg dlxgf;Dd . sy+ o'4 nlDaof] / km}lnof] eg] rflxF To;sf] cnUu} c;/ kg{ ;S5 . o'4 eg]s} Pp6fsf] ktg / csf{sf] pTyfg xf] . klxnf] ljZjo'4n] zlQmzfnL cf]6«f]efg tyf ci6«f]–xË]l/og ;fd|fHosf] ktg / ;f]leot ;ª\3sf] pTyfg u/fOlbof] . bf];|f] ljZjo'4n] gfhL hd{gLnfO{ w'nf] r6fOlbof] / hfkfgL ;fd|fHonfO{ cd]l/sL cy{tGqnfO{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] cf}hf/df kl/0ft ul/lbof] . o;kl5 y'k|} d'n'sx¿n] :jtGqtf k|fKt u/] . ljutsf] zLto'4sf sf/0f ;f]leot ;ª\3 / k"jL{ o'/f]k;Fu}
;fDojfbL Joj:yf 9Nof] . To;}n] bL3{sfnLg o'4 ePdf s;sf] eljio stf 8f]l/G5, cg'dfg ug{ sl7g x'G5 . t/ cd]l/sfh:tf] o'4 cg'ejL g} Pp6f kIf ePsf sf/0f k|:tfljt o'4 nlDag] 5}g eGg] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 .

xfdL g]kfnLx¿n] klxnf] / bf];|f] ljZjo'4df /fi6«sf] ¿kdf k|ToIf ;xefuL geP klg y'k|} u'dfPsf 5f}F . tSdfsf] e/df /ut lbP/ xfdL ;w}F ;fd|fHojfbsf] el/of eof}F . To; cy{df klg o'4 xfd|f nflu slxNo} kmfObfhgs /x]g . clxn] ;fg} eP klg xfd|f] cy{tGq ;+;f/;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . o'4 ePdf To;sf] c;/ xfdLsxfF klg tTsfn cfOk'Ug]5 .   

b]z aGg g;s]sf] Pp6f b]zM ckmuflg:tfg