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æ=== cs:dft\ hdLg leqaf6 u'8u'8 cfjfh cfof] . of] hdLgsf] ck"j{ cfjfhn] ubf{ e"sDk xf] eÌ] Vofn ‰§ r9\g ;s]g . kfgLsf] nx/L ‰}+ hdLgdf nx/L rNof] . klxnf] cj:yfdf e"sDksf] j]u k"j{af6 klZrd uPsf] cg'dfg ul/of] . bf];|f] cj:yfdf hdLg rSs/ vfO{ a6fl/g yfNof]Ù / ;f]xL j]udf w]/} h:tf 3/–Odf/tx¿ n8\g uP . j]u o:tf] cgf}7f] lyof] ls Ps lah'nLjQLsf] Un'k ;d]t To;sf] ;s]6\af6 aflx/ pl5l§Psf] b]lvof] . To; 36gfaf6 hdLg s:tf] hf]8\n] sfFk]5 s]xL c~hfd ug{ ;lsG5 . ¿v af]6 x'/Ldf k/] ‰}+ nRs] . ;fgf–;fgf af]6sf 6'Kkfn] hdLg 5f]nf–5f]nf h:tf] eof] .

kf]v/Lsf] jf ef8fdf /flvPsf] kfgL aflx/ ˆofFlsof] . ;d'b| a9]df ‰}+ zfGt kf]v/Lx¿sf] kfgL 7"nf–7"nf 5fn ‰}+ pl5l§g nfUof] . 3/sf] ufxf/f lsnf;x¿ x'/Ldf 9f]sf ‰}+ v'Ng] / aGb x'g] ug{ nfu] . hdLg tn / dfly x'Fbf wdfwd 3/x¿ n8\g yfn] . cUnf–cUnf a'hf{ uh"/x¿ klg v;] . tf]ksf] a9fOFdf ‰}+ 3/ eTs]sf] eoÍ/ cfjfh cfpg yfNof] . w"nf]n] ubf{ cGwsf/ eof] . *–!) xft cufl8 klg b]lvg g;Sg] eof] .===Æ

ef/tsf] u'h/ftdf xfn} uPsf] e'O{Frfnf]sf] j0f{g xf]Og of] . of] t g]kfnLsf] dgdf clxn] klg tfh} /x]sf] gAa];fnsf] e'O{Frfnf]sf k|ToIfbzL{ a|Xdzdz]/ ha/fn] la=;+= !((! df n]v]sf] g]kfnsf] dxfe"sDk -!(() ;fn_ df u/]sf] aofg xf] .

e'O{Frfnf]sf] s'/f ubf{ gAa] ;fns} a9L rrf{ x'g] ub{5 . ;fgf÷7"nf ;a} e'O{Frfnf]x¿sf] bfFhf] gAa] ;fn;Fu ul/G5 . cflwsfl/s ¿kdf …g]kfn–laxf/ e"sDkÚ elgg] gAa] ;fnsf] e'O{Frfnf] *=$ /]S6/ :s]nsf] lyof] -u'h/ftsf] xfnsf] e'O{Frfnf] &=( /]S6/ :s]n dflgPsf] 5_ . gAa] ;fnsf] e'O{Frfnf]af6 g]kfndf dfq} *%(! hgf dflg; d/]sf lyP eg] *),))) eGbf a9L 3/ elTsPsf lyP . ;aeGbf a9L gf]S;fg sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf eof], hxfF $@(& dflg; d/], !@,#(& 3/ Wj:t eP . dg]{x¿df /fhf lqe'jgsf b'O6L 5f]/L / h'4 zdz]/sL gfltgL klg lyP .

g]kfn nufot k"/} lxdfno >[ª\vnf e'O{Frfnf]sf] c;/ kg]{ If]qdf k5{ . o;sf] sf/0f lxdfnosf] pTklQ;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . s/La kfFr s/f]8 jif{cufl8, clxn] lxdfno tyf To;sf] blIf0fL efudf 6]ly; ;fu/ lyof] . blIf0f Pl;ofnL e"efu clxn]sf] 7fpFdf lyPg / blIf0flt/af6 pQ/tkm{ aUb} cfO/x]sf] lyof] . o:tf 7"nf hldgsf] e"efux¿nfO{ …6]S6f]lgs Kn]6Ú elgG5, h;sf] df]6fO nueu c:;L lsnf]ld6/ x'G5 / Tof] rnfodfg x'G5 . s/La kfFr s/f]8 jif{ cufl8 Ol08og Kn]6 cfP/ o"/]l;og Kn]6;Fu 7Ss/vfFbf Ol08og Kn]6 o"/]l;og Kn]6leq l5g{ vf]Hof] -x]= tnsf] lrq_ . of] h'wfO{n] hldg dfly p7\b} uof], kmn:j?k r"/], dxfef/t, lxdfno / 6«fG;lxdfno kj{t >[Înf pTklQ eof] . kfFr s/f]8 jif{cl3 z'? ePsf] of] qmd clxn] klg hf/L 5 . o;} sf/0f klg ;u/dfyfsf] pFrfO a9]sf] / ;u/dfyf ltAatlt/ 7]lnFb} uPsf]h:tf ;dfrf/x¿ cfpg] ub{5g\ .

ef}ule{s sf/0faf6 x'g] e"sDk, k[YjLleqsf] cfGtl/s k|lqmofaf6 pTkGg oflGqs zlQm s'g} vf; :yfgdf ;l~rt x'Fb} hfG5 / vf; cj:yfdf k'u]kl5 e'O{Frfnf]sf ¿kdf lg:sG5 . o:tf] zlQm ;fwf/0ftofM b'O{ 6]S6f]lgs Kn]6sf] l;dfgfdf klg ;l~rt x'G5 . Ol08og Kn]6 / o"/]l;og Kn]6sf] l;dfgfdf g]kfn kg{] ePsf]n] oxfF e'O{Frfnf] hfg] ;Defjgf a9L 5 . g]kfndf ;g\ !(($ / !((( aLrdf $ /]S6/ :s]n eGbf sdsf b}lgs ;/b/ * j6f e'O{Frfnf] cfPsf] s'/f tYofÍn] b]vfpF5 . t/ oL wSsf ;fgf–;fgf ePsfn] dflg;x¿n] yfxf kfpFb}gg\ . dflg;n] yfxf kfpg] vfnsf e'O{Frfnf] klg lgoldt ¿kdf cfO/xG5g\Ù $–% /]S6/ :s]nsf e"sDk dlxgfsf] kfFr k6s, %–^ /]S6/ :s]nsf jif{sf] 5 k6s, ^–& /]S6/ :s]nsf k|To]s 5 jif{df Ps k6s . /]S6/ :s]nsf] Ps txaf6 csf]{ tx #) u'0ffn] km/s x'G5 . cyf{t\ pbfx/0fsf] nflu ^ /]S6/ :s]nsf] eGbf & /]S6/ :s]nsf] e'O{Frfnf] #) u'0ff zlQmzfnL x'G5 . ;ft /]S6/ :s]neGbf dflysf] e'O{Frfnf lj/n} hfG5g\ .

6]S6f]lgs Kn]6sf] k"/} v08 Pp6} ultdf rln/x]sf] x'Fb}g . l56f] rNg] / l9nf] rNg] v08x¿aLr …kmN6 nfOgÚ -lr/f_ ag]sf x'G5g\ . /, oL kmN6 nfOg g} e'O{Frfnf]sf ;|f]t x'g\ . ;g\ !(($ df ul/Psf] Ps cWoogn] g]kfnleq jf g]kfnglhs} (@ j6f kmN6 nfOg /x]sf] / tLdWo] kfFr j6f sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf dfq} /x]sf] kQf nufPsf] lyof] . ljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/ Ol08og Kn]6 k|lt jif{ b'O{ ;]=dL=sf b/n] pQ/lt/ 3l;|/x]sf] 5 . of] ult xfd|f] gª pd|g] ult hlt g} xf] . t/ o"/]l;og Kn]6n] o;nfO{ cufl8 hfgaf6 /f]Sg] ePsf]n] ToxfF zlQm ;~ro x'g yfNb5 . o; lx;fan] ;o jif{df b'O{ ld6/ hlt w:sg] a/fa/sf] zlQm hDdf x'G5, hf] e'O{+rfnf]dfkm{t lgM;[t x'G5 . olb lxdfnosf] s'g} efudf %)) jif{;Dd 7"nf] e'O{+rfnf] uPg eg] To;af6 bz ld6/ v:sg] a/fa/sf] zlQm hDdf x'G5, h;n] cf7 /]S6/ :s]neGbf 7"nf] e'O{Frfnf] Nofpg ;S5 .

kl5Nnf] ;o jif{df lxdfnosf ljleGg v08df cf7 /]S6/ :s]neGbf a9Lsf rf/j6f e'O{Frfnf cfPsf 5g\ . e"ue{ljb\x¿ sf7df8f}Fb]lv b]x/fb'g;Ddsf] &)) ls=dL=sf] v08df cf7 /]S6/ :s]neGbf dflysf] e"sDk nfdf] ;do;Dd gcfPsfn] clxn] lrlGtt 5g\ . o; If]qdf ;g\ !*)# / !*## df 7"nf wSsfx¿ dx;"; ul/Psf lyP t/ tL e"sDk ;ft /]S6/ :s]nsf dfq ePsf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . sf]nf]/f8f] ljZjljBfnosf e"ue{ljb\ /f]h/ ljNxfdsf cg';f/ ;g\ @!%) otfsf] s'g} klg ;do of] If]q aL; ld6/;Dd v:sg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 . o; efudf sxLF klg cf7 /]S6/ :s]ndflysf] e"sDk uPdf sf7df8f}F nufot k"/} klZrdL g]kfnnfO{ c;/ kfg]{5 .

a9\bf] hg3gTjsf sf/0f, 7"nf] e"sDk cfPsf v08df sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf 7"nf] cfkt k5{ . gAa] ;fnsf] e"sDksf] s]Gb|laGb' sf7df8f}Faf6 @)) ls=dL= k"j{ r}gk'/ glhs /x]sf] lyof] . cfjfbLsf] lx;fan] Toltv]/ clxn]sf t'ngfdf lgs} ;fgf] sf7df8f}Fdf klg Jofks Iflt ePsf] lyof] . o;f] x'g'sf] Pp6f sf/0f pkTosfsf] sdnf] / kq] df6f] xf] . pkTosfdf klg s8f df6f] ePsf] pQ/L If]qsf t'ngfdf blIf0fL / k"jL{ efudf a9L c;/ k/]sf] lyof] .

sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf clxn]s} l:yltdf gAa] ;fnsf] hq} e'O{Frfnf] cfPdf To;n] kfg]{ Iflt csNkgLo ¿kdf a9L x'g;S5 . pkTosfsf] tLg nfv hg;ª\Vof a9]/ !% nfv k'lu;s]sf] 5 . To:t} e'O{Frfnf] clxn] hfg] xf] eg] oxfF @) xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] d[To' x'g ;S5 . sf7df8f}Fdf sdhf]/ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]/ v/fa 9Ën] cUnf–cUnf 3/ agfOPsf]n] Iflt c¿ a9L x'g] ;Defjgf lbg k|ltlbg al9/x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf 3/df clxn] w]/} dflg; a:b5g\ . sf7df8f}F pkTosf e"sDkLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgfn] () ;fnsf]] h:t} e'O{Frfnf] uPsf v08df $) xhf/ dflg; dg{] / Ps nfv hlt 3fOt] x'g] cg'dfg ;g\ !((* df u/]sf] lyof] . To;cg';f/ pkTosfsf ^) k|ltzt 3/x¿ k"0f{ ¿kn] Wj:t x'g]5g\ . 7fpF7fpFdf hldg lunf] x'g] x'gfn] clwsf+z 3/x¿ 9Ng]5g\ . vf;u/L vf]nf glhssf kmfF6x¿ d}tLb]jL, a'4gu/, cgfdgu/, gofFahf/ cflb h:tf 7fpFdf w]/} c;/ kg]{5 .

gAa] ;fnsf] eGbf 8/nfUbf] lsl;dsf] cfunfuLsf] vt/f x'g]5 . Uof; r'xfj6 / lah'nL ;6 eP/ cfunfuL z'? x'g;S5 . l;Gy]l6s ;fdfgsf] a9\bf] k|of]un] cfuf] l5§} km}nfpg d2t k'¥ofpF5 . km}lnPsf] cfuf]nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ s'g} pkfo x'g] 5}g . pkTosfsf af?0foGqn] To:tf] cfsl:ds cj:yfsf nflu s'g} k"j{ tof/L u/]sf 5}gg\ . pkTosfsf tLg d'Vo zx/df Psbh{g bdsn klg 5}gg\ / ltgnfO{ rflxg] kfgLsf] ;|f]t klg kof{Kt 5}gg\ . cfuf] lgefpg] ;fwg tof/ kfl/Psf klg /fhwfgLsf ;f3'F/f ;8s / uNnL tyf To;dfly 9n]sf 3/x¿n] ubf{ leqL zx/ / gofF a:tLdf k'Ug af?0foGqnfO{ c;Dej g} x'g]5 .

;Defljt e'O{Frfnf] uPkl5 pkTosfsf] w]/} efu kfgL / lah'nLaf6 al~rt x'g]5 . ;~rf/ Joj:yf l5GgleGg x'g]5 . 3fOt]sf] ;ª\Vof w]/} x'g] x'gfn] c:ktfnx¿ pkrf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf x'g] 5}gg\ . klx/f] uP/ /fhdfu{ cj?4 x'g] ;Defjgf ePsfn] pkTosf / b]zsf cGo efusf] ;Dks{ ljR5]b x'g]5 . ;/sf/n] klg w]/} ;xof]u ug]{ cj:yf /xg]5}g .

æxfd|f] d'Vo Wofg g} hLjg arfpg] x'g]5,Æ s]Gb|Lo b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf k|d'v dLgaxfb'/ kf}8]n atfpF5g\ . t/ Tof] sfd lgs} sl7g x'g]5 . lsgls pkTosfsf af6f] cj?4 x'g], k'nx¿ elTsg] / /fhdfu{ k|of]u ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf k'Ug]5g\ . sf7df8f}F xjfOdfu{af6 ;fdfg cf];f/–k;f/ ug{ cfl>t x'g'kg]{5, olb lqe'jg ljdfg:ynsf] Pp6} dfq …/g j]Ú k|of]u ug]{ cj:yf /x]df . vfB kbfy{ / cGo ;fdfgsf] ljt/0fdf sdL x'g]5 / hf8f] dlxgfdf e'O{Frfnf] uPdf Gofgf] sk8fsf] cefj x'g]5 .

pkTosfdf /x]sf ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf] s'n Ifdtf @,@)) a]8 5, olb e'O{Frfnf]kl5 klg ;a} c:ktfn ;'/lIft /x]df . yk #%)) hgfnfO{ oL c:ktfnsf] …sf]/L8f]/Ú df pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . t}klg of] cfjZostf eGbf lgs} sd x'g]5 . nfvf}F dflg;x¿ 3/af/ljxLg aGg]5g\ . ltgsf nflu a:g] 7fpFsf] 7"nf] ;d:of kg]{5 . gAa] ;fndf 3/ gePsfx¿sf nflu 6'Fl8v]n lyof] . t/ Tof] klg klxn]sf] eGbf lgs} ;fF3'l/Psf] 5 / zx/sf leqLefudf a:g]x¿sf nflu v'nf 7fpF 5}g eGbf klg x'G5 . ælgs} ;d:of kg]{5,Æ kf}8]n :jLsf5{g\ .

;/sf/sf] Wofg aNn gAa] ;fnsf] e"sDk :d/0f u/fpg] …e"sDk ;'/Iff lbj;Ú h:tf hgr]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd;Dd k'u]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] sd;]sd cfˆgf ejgx¿sf] cWoog u/]/ ltgnfO{ ;'/lIft agfpg] sfd tTsfn z'? ug{ ;S5 . o;f] ubf{ Psflt/ e"sDkk|lt ;/sf/sf] ;+j]bgzLntf k|blz{t x'G5 eg] To;n] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ klg e"sDkaf6 x'g] vt/fsf] af/]df ;r]t / ;ts{ t'NofpF5 .

otflt/ t ;/sf/n] s'g} sbd rfn]sf] 5}g, e"sDk ;DaGwL ejg cfrf/ ;+lxtf nfu" ug{lt/ klg s]xL u/]sf] 5|}g . @)%% df ag]sf] ejg P]gn] gofF aGg] 3/x¿nfO{ ejg cfrf/ ;+lxtf ckgfpg clgjfo{ ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ;f] P]g nfu" ug{]tkm{ sfd ePsf] 5}g . ejg cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] cefjdf sf7df8f}Fdf cJojl:yt lgdf{0f lagf /f]s6f]s lg/Gt/ ¿kdf al9/x]sf] 5 . oxfF k|To]s 3/÷5/l5d]sdf d[To'sf] kmGbf 5 .

sf7df8f}F pkTosf e"sDkLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgfn] tof/ kf/]sf] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] e"sDkLo kl/b[Zo gfds k'l:tsfdf pkTosfdf e'O{Frfnf] uPsf] Ps jif{kl5 n]lvg] l/kf]6{sf] sNkgf o;/L u/]sf] 5– e"sDkn] sf7df8f}F pkTosfaf;L / g]tfx¿nfO{ Pp6f kf7 k9fPsf] 5 . k|fs[lts k|sf]k / To;af6 aRg] ;'/Iff pkfox¿nfO{ ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;]gf, k|x/L, cGo ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf csf]{kN6 e"sDk uPsf] v08df r':t tl/sfn] ;fdgf ug{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf sfo{ of]hgf tof/ kfb}{5g\ . zx/nfO{ e"sDk k|lt/f]w ug{ ;lsg] lsl;daf6 k'glg{df{0f ul/Fb}5 .

of] sfNklgs k|ltj]bg b"/bzL{ 5 . t/ xfdL o:tf] sfd csf]{ 7"nf] e''O{Frfnf] uPkl5 dfq u5f}{F xf]nf .