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t/Lo cg'jfbsf] sdLn] ubf{ dfq xfdL ljZj–;flxTosf] hutdf pleg ;s]gf}F, jf:tjdf xfdL klg ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf /fd|f] ;flxTo n]V5f}F eGg] ufOFu'OF aLr–aLrdf ;'lgG5 g]kfnsf slj–n]vsx¿af6 . …kmnfgf g]kfnsf z]S;lko/, kmnfgf g]kfnsf z]NnLÚ eGb} ;dfnf]rsx¿n] klg g]kfnsf ;flxTosf/x¿nfO{ ljZj–;flxTosf] hutdf prfNg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . clg gf]a]n k'/:sf/ k|fKt s[ltx¿;Fu cfˆgf /rgfx¿ bfFHb} of] bfdL k'/:sf/ t d}n] lg kfpg'kg]{ lyof] eGg] rrf{ ub}{ lxF8\g] ;flxTosf/x¿ klg e]l6G5g\ b]zdf . g]kfnL ;flxTosf kf7sx¿ rflxF o:tf s'/f ;'g]/ 5Ss k5{g\ . pgLx¿n] ljZj–;flxTosf] ulx/f] cWoog gu/]sf x'gfn] cfˆgf] c;xdlt hgfOxfNg klg ;Sb}gg\, t/ g]kfnsf] ;flxTo k9\b} gkl9lbP/ pgLx¿ v;fN5g\ cfˆgf] leGg dt .

dflglnpmF g]kfndf ljZj–:t/Lo ;flxTo /lrG5 g} . t/ g]kfnsf] ;flxTon] kf7sx¿sf] ljZjf; lhTg ;s]sf] 5}g eGg] s'/f ;flxlTos k':tsx¿sf] laqmLaf6 g} k|:6 5 . gog/fh kf08]sf] @)%% ;fnsf] pnf/ pkGof;, h'g ;fFRr} g} ljZj–;flxTosf] pkNnf] bhf{sf] s[lt dfGg ;lsG5, To;sf] !))) k|lt dfq laqmL eof] . xfn;Dd s[i0f w/fjf;Lsf] @)%^ ;fnsf] rlr{t pkGof; z/0ffyL{ sf] k|yd d'b|0f dfq ePsf] 5 . ;dfhsf 7"nfa8f dxfg'efj nufot a'l4hLjLx¿n] l;Q}Fdf kfP dfq xfd|f s[ltx¿ k9\5g\, cfˆgf] vNtLaf6 Ps k};f ‰fb}{gg\ eGg] u'gf;f] af/Daf/ kf]V5g\ kLl8t n]vs–sljx¿ . x'g klg cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ ;flxTosf/sf] gfd lnFbf k|foM a'l4hLjLx¿ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6flt/} kms{G5g\, lsgeg] ;dsfnLg ;flxTo;Fu pgLx¿sf] kl/ro g} 5}g . To;}n] klg xf]nf cr]n lbglbg}h:tf] cfof]hgf ul/g] ;flxlTos ;ef / e]nf, uf]i7L / clegGbg sfo{qmddf ;flxTosf/x¿s} a9L ;xeflutf x'G5 . g]kfnsf ;flxTosf/x¿n] afx]s s;}n] g]kfnsf] ;flxTo k9\b}g eGg] bfaL u5{g\ ;flxTosf/x¿ :jo+ . t/ eGg] g} xf] eg] xfdL ;flxTosf/ g} Pscsf{sf s[lt k9\b}gf}F . syf / sljtf n]Vg a¿ tlD;G5f}F xfdL g]kfnL, k9\g] si6 eg] ub}{gf}F .

bf]ifL sf] <
g]kfnsf] ;flxTon] kf7s gkfpg'sf bf]ifLx¿ y'k|} 5g\ . klxn] t g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs hut g} bf]ifL 5 . xfd|f] lzlIft ;d'bfo cToGt ;fgf] 5 / To;df kg]{ clwsf+z dflg; cfˆgf] gfd n]Vg'afx]s w]/} hfGb}gg\ . k|f}9 lzIffsf] klxnf] uf]/]6f] plSngf;fy dfntL dËn] k9\g ;fx; ug]{ OnfdsL Pp6L cfdfnfO{ Psk6s e]6\bf dnfO{ cd]l/sg slj ljNod sfnf]{; ljNoD;\sf] sljtfsf] ;D‰gf cfof] M

va/ kfpg d'l:sn knf{ sljtfaf6 t/ o;df x'g] s'/fsf] sdLn] dflg; lbglbg} si6sf/L sfn ef]Ub}5g\ .
g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ;flxTodf 8'a'NsL dfg]{ tLa| OR5f gePsf] xf]Og . t/ cfh;Dd nf]s tyf wfld{s syf–ls:;f, nf]s tyf cfw'lgs uLt / dg rf]g]{ pvfg6'Ssfx¿ g} x'g\ xfd|f cfd cleJolQmsf dfWod . df}lvs ;flxTodf xfdL lgSs} ;DkGg klg 5f}F . t/ lnlvt ;flxTosf]—/ o;df klg wfld{s u|Gy xf]Og, cfw'lgs ;flxTosf]—dd{ a'´g], a'´g vf]Hg] kf7sx¿ hGdfpg eg] xfdL w]/} kl5 k/]sf 5f}F .

;flxTonfO{ cf]‰]ndf kfg]{ bf]ifLx¿dWo] lzIffdf xf]Og, ;fIf/tfdf hf]8 lbg] xfd|f] lzIff k|0ffnL klg k5{ . lhGbuLdf klxnf] k6s xfdL ha Pp6f sljtfsf] df]xdf k5f}{+, jl/kl/sf] ;Dk"0f{ ej;fu/ g} 8udufpF5M Tolt~h]n;Dd cb[Zo ;a s'/f 5n{lËPh:tf] x'G5, Tolt~h]n c1ft ;a ;Tox¿ yfxf kfPh:tf] x'G5 . of] cg'e"ltlagfsf] lhGbuL gL/; x'G5 . 8fS6/L, Ol~hlgol/ª, cy{ljBf, ;dfhzf:q cflbn] hLljsf rnfpg l;sfpnfg\ t/ snf–;flxTon] lhGbuL lhpg l;sfpF5 eGg] dfGotfn] 7fpF kfPsf] 5}g xfd|f] lzIff k|0ffnLdf . ljBfno, SofDk; / ljZjljBfno;Ddsf] k9fO ug]{x¿n] klg kf7\oqmddf gkg]{ ;flxTo k9\g] ;Nnfx / ;'‰fj kfpFb}gg\, ;flxTo k9\g] jftfj/0f kfpFb}gg\, ultnf k':tsfno / k':ts k;nx¿ kfpFb}gg\ . km]l/ ;flxTo k9]/ To;sf] ;f/ cfˆgf] lhGbuLdf ptfg{sf nflu ldNbf] ;Ëtsf] klg cfjZostf k5{ . ;flxlTos s[ltx¿df ax; / 5nkmn ug]{ ;d"xx¿sf] u7g ug]{ rng 5}g g]kfnsf] /fhwfgLdf ;d]t . snf–;flxTon] cfhsf] hghLjgsf] gu0o efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . kGw| jif{ cufl8;Dd zÍ/ nfld5fg] jf e"lk z]/rgsf /rgf gk9\g] a'l4hLjLnfO{ ;dfhdf cfˆgf] OHht wfGg cln ;d:of kYof]{ t/ df]xg sf]O/fnf, O{Zj/ aNne, /d]z ljsn, OGb|axfb'/ /fO{h:tf ;dsfnLg ;flxTosf w/f]x/x¿ gk9\bf klg cfkm"df uf}/j ug]{ a'l4hLjLx¿ hGdfpF5 xfd|f] xfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnLn] .

d'lZsnn] ;flxTo k9\g tlD;g]x¿n] a]xf]g{'kg]{ b'Mvsf] sxfgL klg gdL7f] 5 . lxdfn sf] sfof{nodf x/]s dlxgf $), %) gjk|sflzt lstfax¿ cfOk'U5g\ h'gdWo] *) k|ltzt sljtf ;ª\u|x x'G5g\ . t/ cfhef]ln k|sflzt clwsf+z sljtfdf sljtf x'Fb}g syfdf syf x'Fb}g . ufnLunf}h z}nL, ;:tf] dfof z}nL, uGyg z}nL / efif0f tyf pkb]z z}nLsf] afx'No b]lvG5 xfnsf s[ltx¿df . cfh;Dd g]kfnsf] h]hlt ;dsfnLg ;flxTo d]/f] xft k¥of], To;sf] cWoog ubf{ d}n] y'k|} syf / sljtf kfPF h'g ljZj–;flxTosf ;aeGbf /fd|f s[ltx¿df ulgg of]Uo 5g\ . ;d:of olt dfq xf] ls O:dfnLsf] h'g syf ;ª\u|xdf …df5f] df5f] Eofu'tf]Ú / …nfzÚ h:tf cTo'Qd syfx¿ kfOG5g\ To;df …z/0ffyL{Ú / …s[kfkfqÚ h:tf ;fdfGo syfx¿ klg kfOG5g\ . km0fLGb| g]kfnsf] h'g sljtf ;ª\u|xdf …s?0ff k|f/DoÚ, < < < < < < < …hLjgdf ;kgfÚ / …cf}+nfdf bz}+Ú h:tf :jflbnf sljtfx¿ kfOG5g\, To;df …d'lQmsf] cz]if r]tgfÚ / …sfg"gÚ h:tf vNnf sljtfx¿ klg kfOG5g\ . pxfFx¿sf] Pp6} ;ª\u|xdf /fd|f / g/fd|f s[ltx¿sf b'j} gd'gf e]l6G5g\ . /, o;df pxfFx¿ PSn} x'g'x'Gg . cfhsf ;aeGbf hNbfaNbf dfGg ;lsg] syfsf/ /fhjsf] Ps syf ;ª\u|xdf k/]sf cfwf syfx¿ dfq jf:tjdf ljZj–:t/Lo

xf]nfg\ . d~h' sfFr'nLsf] sljtf ;ª\u|xdf PsltxfO sljtf dfq ljZj–:t/Lo xf]nfg\ . hfGg] kf7sx¿n] Ps–csf{nfO{ lstfa k9\g lbFbf o;sf] of] syf jf oL sljtfx¿ dfq k9\g" x}, c¿ t ‰"/ 5g\ eg]sf] d w]/} ;'G5' . ghfGg] kf7sx¿n] rflxF Pp6f ‰"/ syf k9\5g\ / /fd|f] syfsf] vf]hLdf csf]{ ‰"/ syf klg k9\nfg\ . t];|f] ‰"/ syfdf pgLx¿n] lstfa yGSofpF5g\ / Pkm\=Pd\= /]l8of] ;'g]/ a? l8:sf] z}nLdf gfRg yfN5g\M ;flxTo k9\g s;}n] 6fpsf] b'vfpFb}g . Tof] ylGsPsf] lstfasf] t];|f] syfkl5sf ;a} syf /fd|} xf]nfg\M t/ n]vsn] kf7s u'dfO;s]sf] x'G5 / Tof] kf7s ToxL lstfadf dfq xf]Og, s'g} klg ;flxlTos lstfadf xtkt kms]{/ cfpFb}g .

:jo+ k|sflzt lstfadf :t/Lotf gx'g' eg]sf] dfd'nL s'/f xf]nf . t/ ultn} k|sfzsx¿af6 cfpg] s[ltx¿df kfOg] nfk/jfxLn] kf7ssf] ckdfg u5{ . b'Mvsf] s'/f, Ps–b'O{ k|sfzsn] afx]s c¿n] lstfa 5fKg'cl3 To;sf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ k|yf a;fn]sf 5}gg\ . Jofs/0f / efiff ;Rofpgsf nflu dfq ;Dkfbgsf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g ;flxTodfM a¿ syfgs, b[li6laGb', kfqLs/0f, lrq0f, k|tLs, Jo~hgf, no, 5Gbh:tf n]vg–snfsf cGo kIfx¿df x'g;Sg] sdhf]/L x6fpg ;Sg] ;Dkfbgsf] cfjZostf k5{, cyf{t\ s[ltdf n's]sf] efj ;d]t a'‰]/ To;nfO{ bzf{pg hfGg] ;Dkfbgsf] h?/L x'G5 . o:tf] ;lqmo ;Dkfbgsf] cefjn] ubf{ kf7sx¿dfly xfd|f] ;flxTon] 3f]/ lyrf]ldrf] ul//x]sf] 5M cfˆgf kf7sx¿nfO{ ;tfpg] dg t s'g} klg slj–n]vssf] xF'b}g t/ b'ef{Uojz o;f]] x'g] ;Defjgf 7"nf] 5 g]kfnsf] ;flxlTos hutdf .

lstfax¿sf] clgoldttfdf k|sfzsx¿nfO{ dfq bf]ifL 7x¥ofpg ;lsGg, ;flxTosf/x¿lt/ klg x]g{'kg]{ x'G5 . jf:tjdf ;flxTosf/n] ;|i6fsf] dfq xf]Og, clncln Wj+;ssf] e"ldsf klg lgefpg' k5{, cyf{t\ cfkm"af6 h] hlGdof] To;nfO{ dfof ug]{ cfdfh:tf] dfq xf]Og To;sf] Ovfn' cfnf]rs klg x'g'k5{ . nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] h:t} cfˆgf] dgdf h] cfof] ToxL km//{ n]Vg] afgL a;fNg] xfd|f ;flxTosf/x¿n] cfˆgf /rgfx¿nfO{ b'O{, tLg, rf/ k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ g;Rofpg] dfq xf]Ogg\, o;f] ug]{x¿nfO{ ;flxTosf/ dfq xf]Og, dfG5] g} uGb}gg\ . sDtLdf cfˆgf lau|]sf /rgfx¿ lrGg ;Sg] v'aL x'g'k5{ slj–n]vsdf / ltgLx¿nfO{ -hnfpg;Dd t d elGbgF_ s;}n] gb]Vg] 7fpFdf n'sfpg ;Sg'k5{ . / /fd|f]–g/fd|f] s[lt 7Dofpg] Ifdtf cfkm"df geP c¿x¿sf] ;Nnfx dfUg] afgL a;fNg'k5{ . t/ o;f] ug{ slj–n]vsx¿n] cfˆgf / c¿x¿sf /rgfx¿df v'Nnf ax; ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .

;flxTosf/x¿ :jo+af6 ;'lgG5, g]kfnsf ;flxTosf/x¿ ;fx|} cx+sf/L 5g\M cfˆgf] n]vfO dfq ;j{>]i7 7fG5g\, c¿sf /rgfx¿ k9\bf klg k9\b}gg\, ljZj–;flxTosf] cWoog g} ub}{gg\, /fd|f /rgfx¿ xft kf/] ltgLx¿nfO{ cfˆg} eg]/ rf]g{ klg kl5 kb}{gg\ . o;f] elgxfNg d tof/ 5}g . t/ ;flxTosf/x¿aLrsf] snx sd 5}g g]kfndf . kmnfgfn] pb\3f6g ug]{ sfo{qmddf s] hfg', kmnfgfn] cfˆgf] lstfa ljdf]rgdf dnfO{ lgDTofpFbf cfjZos dfg k'¥ofPg To;}n] d hfGgF eGg] gf]s/zfxL k|j[lQsf ;flxTosf/x¿ y'k|} e]l6G5g\ xfd|f] b]zdf . ljgd|tflagf v'Nnf ;Djfb x'g ;Sb}g . t/ vf;u/L …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú dflgg] n]vsx¿ cfkm"nfO{ l;h{gfsf PSnf 6fk' dfgL Ps–cfk;af6 lgtfGt cnlUuPsf 5g\ . jfd v]dfsf n]vsx¿aLr eg] ;flxlTos ;Djfbsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ cf}krfl/s–cgf}krfl/s k|of;x¿ ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/ jfd / …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú n]vsx¿aLr s'g} vf; ;Djfb :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvGg cfh . a? kf6L{ut /fhgLltn] ;flxTosf/x¿sf] :jtGq ljj]snfO{ aGb]hdf /fv]sf] 5M jfd n]vs ePkl5 …a'h{'jfÚ slj–n]vsx¿nfO{ lwSsfg}{ kg]{ / sfª\u|]; kf6L{;Fu ;fOgf] ufF:g] ;flxTosf/x¿n] …jfd]Ú x¿nfO{ xf]Rofpg} kg]{ ljlw k'¥ofO{ 5f8\5g\ ;a}n] . c¿ dfG5]eGbf ;flxTosf/x¿ a9L ;+j]bgzLn t x'G5g\ g}, a9L 3d08L klg x'G5g\ ls, s'lGg < /fhwfgLsf slj–n]vsx¿;Fusf] ;Lldt ;Ëtaf6 d}n] b]v]sL 5'M sf7df8f}F vfN6f]el/ c6fO g;Sg] cx+sf/ kfn]sf 5g\ xfd|f slj–n]vsx¿n] . o;}n] klg xf] k|1f–k|lti7fgh:tf ;flxlTos ;+:yfx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf lgl:qmo b]lvg] .

o;/L cfhsf] ;flxTosf] ;d:ofdf ulxl/Fb} hfFbf g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs hut, lzIff k|0ffnL, k|sfzs / n]vs–sljx¿nfO{ ;d]t bf]ifL 7x¥ofpg] k|z:t 7fpF e]l6G5 eg] kf7sx¿nfO{ klg Psrf]l6 dHhfn] xsfg}{ kg]{ x'G5 . ‰§} ga'l‰g] s'/fx¿ a'´g vf]Hg' eg]sf] kf7ssf] wd{ xf]M d]xgt ug{'k5{ lhGbuLsf ;aeGbf uxg cg'e"ltx¿ syf–pkGof; jf sljtfaf6 u|x0f ug{ . t/ cfkm"n] ga'´g] s[ltnfO{ lwSsfg{ xtfl/G5f}F xfdL . ;flxTodf ?lr /fVg]x¿sf] hd36 ug]{, ;flxlTos 5nkmnx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ jf ltgLx¿df efu lng], clg dg k/]sf ;flxTosf/x¿sf] ;Ët vf]Hg] / c‰ eGg] xf] eg] ;flxTo If]qnfO{ ljsf; ug{ / ;flxTonfO{ cfd hghLjgdf lj:t[t agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;r]t kf7sx¿sf] 7"nf] vfFrf] 5 xfdLsxfF . ufd]{G6, sfk]{6, af]l8{ª :s"n, klZdgf pBf]ux¿df nufgL ug{ xtkltPsf xfd|f v'b|fdl;gf tyf 9\ofa|] kF"hLkltx¿n] ;flxTo k9\g] km';{t klg kfpFb}gg\ xf]nf . ?vf] lhGbuL lhpg' pgLx¿sf] ljjztf xf] . t/ pgLx¿n] ;flxlTos If]qlt/ kf7ssf] b[li6n] gxf]nf, pBf]uklts} b[li6n] x]/] eg] klg 7"nf] xf]Og ;fgf] t/ OHhltnf] gfkmf sdfpg] 7fpF kfpg ;Sy] . d'Vo s'/f olt xf]M kf7sn] ;flxTosf/sf] s[ltnfO{ ulxl/P/ kl9lbP / dgk/]sf ;flxTosf/x¿nfO{ cfˆg} dgleq dfq eP klg dfof ul/lbP xfd|f slj–n]vsx¿n] n]Vg] 7"nf] xf};nf kfpFy] .

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g]kfnsf] lxhf]–cfhsf] ;flxTodf s] s:tf z}nL, ;}4flGts ‰'sfj / k|j[lQx¿ b]vf k/]sf 5g\ lxhf]cfh < ;f] s'/fsf] vf]hL ug{ uPsf] ;fn d}n] ^) jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf …o'jfÚ slj / syfsf/x¿sf s[lt vf]Hb} k9]F . kl9Psf syfsf/x¿dWo] k/] dg' a|fhfsL, w|'jrGb| uf}td, vu]Gb| ;ª\u|f}nf, dfof 7s'/L, /fhj, ;Ltf kf08], gf/fo0f 9sfn, w|'j ;fksf]6f, lk6/ h]= sfy{s, O:dfnL, uf]ljGb lu/L k|]/0ff, ;'nf]rgf dfgGw/, uf]kfn k/fh'nL, efuL/yL >]i7, e'jg 9'Ëfgf, lszf]/ kxf8L, efpkGyL, zzLsnf dfgGw/ -g]kfnL cg'jfbdf_, ;gt /]UdL, k/z' k|wfg, kb\dfjtL l;+x, dw'jg kf}8]n, /fh]Gb| rf]yfn] / ljho rfln;] . kl9Psf sljx¿df k/] z}n]Gb| ;fsf/, jflg/f lu/L, k"0f{axfb'/ j}B -g]kfnL / cª\u|]hL cg'jfbdf_, d~h'n, tf]of u'?ª, d~h' sfFr'nL, ljdn lgef, cljgfz >]i7, cle ;'j]bL, a]Gh' zdf{, Zofdn, lbg]z clwsf/L, ;?eQm, a'4 ;fodL -g]kfnL cg'jfbdf_, ;'/]z ls/0f -g]kfnL cg'jfbdf_ /—sljx¿ w]/} hGdfpF5 xfd|f] b]zn]—piff z]/rg, uf]ljGb jt{dfg, km0fLGb| g]kfn, k|lt;/f ;fodL, s'd'b b]jsf]6f, ;'lidtf g]kfn, zf/bf zdf{, >j0f d'sf?ª, lji0f' lje' l3ld/], kb\dfjtL l;+x, ljKnj k|tLs, df]ldnf, s'Gbg zdf{, rGb|snf g]jf/ / z'e >]i7 . k9\g] qmddf y'k|} ;flxTosf/x¿ 5'6], cjZo g} M pkGof; ljwf l;Ë} 5'6\of], lgaGw ljwf 5'6\of], clg g]kfnL efiffafx]s c¿ efiff–efifLx¿df n]Vg] s/La s/La ;a} slj–n]vsx¿ 5'6] . t/ klg of] cWoogaf6 cfhsf] ;flxTosf] af/] s]xL c8\sn sf6\g ;lsG5 .

d]/f] cWoogsf] klxnf] lgisif{M cfhsf] ;do ;fdflhs ;flxTosf] ;do xf] . ;dfhn] JolQmTjsf] lgdf{0f u5{, cyf{t\ s'g} klg JolQmsf] ef}lts / P]ltxfl;s kl/j]zn] p;sf] r}tGosf] ;+/rgf agfpF5 eGg] dfS;{jfbL dfGotfn] ljZj–;flxTos} hutdf afx'No kfPsf] ;do xf] of] . oxL dfGotfsf] afx'No 5 g]kfnsf] ;dsfnLg ;flxTodf klgM ;dfhn] JolQmx¿nfO{ s;/L 8f]¥ofpF5 eGg] ljifodf s]lGb|t 5 cfhsf] clwsf+z ;flxTo . t/ o;f] eGb}df xfd|f …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú ;flxTosf/sf /rgfeGbf jfd ;flxTosf/sf /rgfx¿ a9L k|efjzfnL 5g\ eGg ;lsGg . a? …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú ;fljt ug]{ ;}4flGts cfwf/x¿, clg jfd ;flxTosf/x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ jfd dfGg] ;}4flGts cfwf/x¿ cToGt lkmtnf ePsf 5g\ cfh . lrGtgdf lbg]z clwsf/L / ljdn lgefsf sljtfx¿df s'g} c;fDo kmf6f] 5}g . xf], lbg]z clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf sljtfsf …dÚ kfqx¿sf] JolQmut kL8fdf a9L hf]8 lbG5g\ eg] ljdn lgefn] tL kL8fx¿ hGdfpg] ;dfhsf] agf]6df a9L hf]8 lbG5g\ . t/ oL b'O{ sljdf s'g}n] klg JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] ef}lts / P]ltxfl;s kl/j]zaf6 cnlUuPsf] k|f0fLsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ub}{gg\ / o; cy{df b'j}n] cfˆgf] ;flxTodf dfS;{jfbL dfGotf kfngf u/]sf 5g\ .

of] ts{ w]/}nfO{ ckfRo x'g ;S5 . Psflt/ …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú ;flxTosf/x¿n] eGnfg\M æJolQmut :jtGqtfdf xfdL a9L hf]8 lbG5f}F, kfqx¿sf dgf]j}1flgs kIfdf xfdLnfO{ ljz]if ?lr 5, z}nLsf] dfldnfdf klg xfdL s'g} ;fF3'/f] ;f}Gbo{zf:qn] afFlwGgf}+ . dfS;{ xf]Og, k|mfo8 x'g\ xfd|f ;flxTosf] afp . æoL ;a t sfNklgs s'/f x'g\, cfkm"nfO{ …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú eg]kl5 eGg} kg]{ s'/f x'g\, cyf{t\ pxfFx¿sf] ;flxTon] k'li6 gug]{ s'/f x'g\ . ;fdflhs lrGtgx¿ g} cu|e"lddf k/]sf 5g\ …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú slj–n]vsx¿sf /rgfx¿df . /, km]l/ k|hftflGqs dfGotfs} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] jfd ;flxTosf/ vu]Gb| ;ª\u|f}nfsf blnt hghLjgdf cfwfl/t syfx¿n] hlQsf] :jtGqtfsf] dfu ug]{ /rgf …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú x¿af6 la/n} n]lvPsf] b]lvG5 .

o:tf] ts{ ;'Gb} csf{lt/ jfd v]dfsf ;flxTosf/x¿ eGnfg\M æa'h{'jf ;flxTosf/h:tf xf]Ogf}+ xfdL, JolQmjfbL dfGotfdf cfwfl/t /rgfsf] xfdL lj/f]w u5f}{+ . æt/ ;dfh a]u/sf] JolQmsf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'Fb}g eg] JolQm j]u/sf] ;dfhsf] klg s'g} cf}lrTo x'g ;Qm}g ;flxTodf . jfd v]dfsf ;flxTosf/x¿df sDo'lg:6 ;f}Gbo{zf:qsf] kfngf ug]{x¿ / jfd ;f}Gbo{zf:qsf] kfngf ug]{x¿aLrsf] b'/L k|:6\ofpg plrt xf]nf oxfF . sDo'lg:6 ;f}Gbo{zf:qn] snf–;flxTonfO{ sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf] xltof/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u u5{ / dflg;nfO{ oflGqs / ef}lts b[li6n] x]5{ . sDo'lg:6 ;f}Gbo{zf:qn] gf/f / efif0f tyf pkb]z z}nLdf w]/} hf]8 lbG5 . To;}n] klg xf]nf zf]if0fsf syf /Rg]x¿n] zf]liftx¿sf] dsf{nfO{ dg 5'g] tl/sfn] b]vfpg ;Qm}gg\, / ;fdflhs cGofosf sljtf /Rg]x¿n] Gofo s'g]{x¿sf] b'MvnfO{ dg 5'g] u/L JoQm ug{ ;Qm}gg\ . sDo'lg:6eGbf jfd cyf{t\ dfS;{jfbL / gj–dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{zf:q w]/} km/flsnf] x'G5, / To;df JolQmsf] cGt/dgsf] cleJolQmsf nflu k|z:t 7fpF e]l6G5 . vf;u/L cfhsf] klZrdL ;flxTosf w/f]x/ ufla|on ufl;{of dfs]{h, ;Ndfg

?ZbL cflbn] kfngf ug]{ gj–dfS;{jfbL l;4fGtdf dfS;{ / k|mfo8sf] ;'dw'/ e]6 x'G5 g} . cyf{t\ k|]d, 3[0ff, sNkgf, cf:yf, cfWoflTds rf;f] / c¿ ;a dfgjLo efjgfx¿df k|j]z u/]/ n]Vg'nfO{ …a'h{'jfÚ 7x¥ofOGg gj–dfS;{jfb bz{gdf . g]kfnsf jfd ;flxTosf/x¿ dfg'g\–gdfg'g\, xfd|f] cfhsf] ;aeGbf pTs[i6 jfd ;flxTodf oxL bz{gsf] kfngf ePsf] 5 . gf/fo0f 9sfnh:tf sDo'lg:6 n]vs o; ;d"xdf k5{g\ / dg' a|fhfsL / dfof 7s'/Lh:tf u}/sDo'lg:6 n]vsx¿ klg k5{g\ o;} ;d"xdf . clg km]l/ afd ;flxTosf/x¿ dfg'g\–gdfg'g\, d~h' sfFr'nL / ;Ltf kf08]h:tf slyt u}/ jfd ;flxTosf/x¿n] pgLx¿n] hlQs} of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ g]kfndf afd ;flxTosf] lj:tf/ ug{ . ljrf/0fLo s'/f xf], d~h'nh:tf sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng rnfpg] JolQmTjn] sDo'lg:6 ;f}Gbo{zf:qaf6 cnlUuP/ gj–dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{zf:qdf k'Ug] lg0f{o lnP . ljrf/0fLo s'/f xf], sDo'lg:6x¿n] …a'h'{jfÚ dfGg] cle ;'j]bLaf6 /lrPsf] sfJogf6s …cf¿sf km"nsf ;kgfÚ nfO{ ;}4flGts ¿kdf ;an jfd ;flxTo dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . ctM cfhsf] …8]df]qm\of6\;\Ú / jfd ;flxTodf s'g} kmf6f] 5}g, tL b'j}nfO{ dfS;{jfbL / gj–dfS;{jfbL bz{gn] ;lhn};Fu ;d]6\5g\ . of] xf] cfhsf] ;flxTo;DaGwL d]/f] klxnf] lgisif{ .

d]/f] bf];|f] lgisif{ xf] xfnsf] ;flxTosf] z}nLsf] af/]M l;4fGtdf geP klg z}nLdf rflxF lgSs} leGgtf 5 cfhsf] ;flxTodf . cfhsf] sDo'lg:6 uBdf qmflGtsf/L :jR5GbtfjfbL z}nLsf] xfaL /x]sf] 5 eg] afFsL uBdf oyfy{jfbn] k|efj kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . w|'jrGb| uf}tdsf h:tf s]xL k|of]ujfbL k|of;x¿ kmf§–km'§ eO/x]sf 5g\ t/ cfhsf] ;flxTodf kfl/hfts} 7"nf] 5fk b]lvG5 . sljtfdf klg Ps k':tfcl3sf] cfofd]nL / k|of]ujfbL z}nLsf] OGsf/ ePsf] b]lvG5, / xfn e"lk z]/rg / uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn g} pbfx/0fLo /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . t/ x/]s ;flxTosf/ cfˆgf] 5'§} klxrfgsf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf] 5M e'jg 9'Ëfgf / uf]kfn k/fh'nLsf syfx¿ z}nLdf laNs'n km/s 5g\ . a]~h' zdf{ / ;¿eQmsf sljtfsf a]Unfa]Un} ljlzi6tf 5g\ . s'g} klg slj–n]vsn] cfˆgf] df}lns z}nL e]§fpg lgSs} d]xgt, cWoog / vf]hL ug{'k5{, h'g sfd eO g} /x]sf] b]lvG5 cfhsf] ;flxTosf] leGgtfaf6 . t/ oL JolQmut k|of;x¿n] xfn s'g} cfd ;fd"lxs z}nLut cfGbf]ngsf] ¿k lnPsf 5}gg\ .

ljifoj:t'sf] ;Gbe{df eg] cfhsf] a9\bf] If]qLo ;flxTon] cfGbf]ngsf] ¿k lng ;s]sf] 5 . d]/f] t];|f] lgisif{ cfhsf] ;flxTosf] ljifoj:t'df g} s]lGb|t 5 . g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs ;flxTo a9L sf7df8f}F–s]lGb|t lyof] eg] sf7df8f}F aflx/sf ljifoj:t'df n]Vg] slj–n]vsx¿n] -/, sljeGbf a9L n]vsx¿n] g}_ g]kfnL hghLjgsf] leGgtfnfO{ k|s6 ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ . dg' a|fhfsL, ;gt /]UdL, efpkGyL / O:dfnLh:tf n]vsx¿lagf cfhsf] ;flxTo jf:tjdf bl/b| x'GYof] ljifoj:t'sf] b[li6sf]0fn] . /fhjn] d';ndfg kl/j]zdf syf n]Vg' jf jflg/f lu/Ln] hgsk'/sf] kl/j]zdf pkGof; n]Vg' eg]sf] ;flxTosf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ km/fs kfg]{ k|of; ug{' xf] . ;flxTosf/x¿n] ofqf ;+:d/0f n]Vg'k5fl8sf] sf/0f klg ljifoj:t'sf] vf]hL;Fu ufFl;Psf] 5M ;xL g]kfn vf]Hb}5g\ sf7df8f}F–s]lGb|t ;flxTosf/x¿ . of] k|j[lQ cfkm}Fdf /fd|f] xf] / o;eGbf /fd|f] xf] If]qLo ;flxTosf] lj:tf/ .

If]qLo ;flxTosf] Pp6f kIfdf d ljz]if hf]8 lbg rfxG5' M To;sf] ax'efifLotf . xfdL clwsf+z g]kfnLx¿ b'O{–tLg efiff af]N5f}F t/ cgf}7f] s'/f, xfd|f] hghLjgdf gx'g] c:jfefljs eflifs z'4tf kfOG5 g]kfnsf] ;flxTodf . ha xfdL eflifs cz'4tfd} /d]/ cfˆgf lhGbuL u'hf5f}{+, km]l/ lsg efiff–efiff 5'6\ofP/ z'4tf ckgfpF5f}F xfd|f] ;flxTodf < dg' a|fhfsL Pp6f syfdf n]V5g\ M slxn]sfxL+ pm eG5], æe}of Û sx' n, kfkL k]6s] vflt/ xd O{ k/Dk/f cf 9sf];nf a]r b]nL===.Æ O:dfnL n]V5g\ M æca ltns, bfg–bx]h o]xL kf/ d]+ aGb e] u]n} .Æ 6f]n l5d]ssf] h]7f]–af7f] sxlnPsf] b]jsL /fo a'h|'s eP/ af]Nb5 .Æ hgtfsf] d'vsf] af]nLn] ;'g'jfO{ kfpg] o'udf o:t} x'g'kg]{ xf]Og / xfd|f] cfd cleJolQmsf] efiff <

efiffs} k|Zgdf s]lGb|t 5 d]/f] rf}yf] lgisif{ . Psflt/ 5 efiffsf] z'4tfsf] k|Zg, csf]{lt/ 5 efiff :jo+s} k|Zg . cfhsf] hghflt cfGbf]ng;Fu ufFl;Psf] efiff cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnsf] ;flxTosf] :j¿k abNb} 5 . g]kfndf &! Effiffx¿ af]lnG5g\, h;dWo] ( j6fsf lnlk 5g\ / !@ j6fsf lnlksf] ljsf; ul/Fb}5 . a}/fuL sfO{Fnfh:tf s]xL JolQmsf k|of; clg c¿ ;+:yfut k|of;x¿n] ubf{ g]kfnL ;flxTo eg]sf] d"ntM g]kfnL efiffsf] ;flxTo xf] eg]/ bfjL ug}{ g;lsg] xf]nf cfhsf] kGw|–aL; jif{df . c‰} klg k"0f{axfb'/ j}Bsf cg'lbt s[ltx¿ k9\bf :ki6 b]lvG5M g]kfnsf] ;aeGbf uxlsnf] ;flxTo g]kfnL efiffsf] 3]/feGbf aflx/ n]lvFb}5 . xfn;Ddsf] efiff cfGbf]ngn] c¿ efiffx¿df eGbf g]kfn–efiffdf a9L hf]8 lbPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ sf7df8f}Fl:yt g]kfn efiff k|lti7fgh:tf ;+:yfx¿n] g]kfn–efiffsf ;fy} c¿ efiffdf /lrPsf] ;flxTosf] clen]v /fVg] / To;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ sfdx¿ z'? u/]sf 5g\ / o:tf k|of;n] cfpFbf bzsx¿df g]kfnsf] ;flxTosf] ¿k/Ë kSs} abNg] 5 .

d]/f] clGtd lgisif{ xf] ;flxlTos k|sfzgsf] a9\bf] e]n;DaGwL . ;flxTodf ?lr /fVg] kf7sx¿n] klg k9\g gEofpg] ;ª\Vofdf k|sflzt x'Fb}5g\ ;flxlTos s[ltx¿M a]tf]8n] ;flxTo n]Vb}5g\ g]kfnLx¿ . o;sf] :t/df s'g} lgoldttf geP klg of] a9\bf] k|sfzgnfO{ xfdLn] gsfg{ x'Fb}g, a? cleJolQmsf] k|hftGqLs/0fsf] nIf0f dfgL o;nfO{ :jLsfg{' 7Ls x'G5 . …d]/f] :j/sf] ;'g'jfO{ x'g'k5{Ú eGg] k|hftflGqs cfbz{n] n]lvFb}5 cfhsf] ;flxTo . / lzIffsf] 3]/f km/flsnf] x'Fb} hfg] qmddf syf–sljtf /Rg ;Ifd ;d"xsf] bfo/f klg km/flsnf] xF'b} uO/x]sf] 5 . of] km/fs ;d'bfon] cfˆgf] :jtGq jfSo vf]Hb}5 / Ps lbg oxL ;d'bfon] hGdfpg]5 xfd|f cfpFbf kfl/hft, e"lk z]/rg / uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfnx¿ . To;}n] cfhsf] ;flxTo—Tof] w]/}h;f] ‰"/} lsg gxf];\—w]/} dfqfdf n]lvg'k5fl8sf sf/0f / To;af6 cfpg] kl/0ffd b'j} a8f] ;sf/fTds 5g\ .

;flxTosf] ljsf; ug]{ s]xL pkfox¿
g]kfnL ;flxTosf] If]qnfO{ x]bf{ nfU5, k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] ;f; /f]lsg nfu]sf] If0fdf xfdL To; jl/kl/ ‰'lDdPsf 5f}F, / To;lagf xfdL cgfy x'G5f}F eg]/ q:t 5f}F . cwd/f] cj:yfdf k|1f–k|lti7fgn] kmf6\6–km'6\6 s]xL sfd ug{ g;Sg] xf]Og, ul//x]sf] 5 klg . t/ /fHo;Qf / snf–;flxToaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ To;n] e|i6 klg agfPsf] 5, / n]vsx¿n] g]tfx¿sf] k5fl8 gnfuL cfˆgf] ;Lksf] ;xL d"NofÍg x'g] ;kgf gb]Vg] agfPsf] 5 . of] g]kfnsf] dfq ;d:of xf]OgM k|1f–k|lti7fgx¿sf] :jefjn] g} snf–;flxTonfO{ /fHo;Qfsf] cfnf]rgfsf] dfWod xf]Og, k|z+;fsf] dfWod agfpg] u5{ . pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] o'/f]kdf k|1f–k|lti7fgx¿ lj?4 ;~rfng ePsf cfGbf]ngx¿sf] vfFrf] 5 g]kfndf, oxfF klg k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] o'u ;dfKt ePsf] s'/f dfGg] ;flxTosf/x¿sf] 7"nf] vfFrf] 5 .

k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] afah"b :jtGq u}/;/sf/L ;flxlTos ;+:yfx¿sf] lj:tf/ x'g'k5{ b]zel/ . t/ logLx¿n] rflxFbf] sfd ug{' k5{ . ;flxTosf] z}nL / l;4fGtdf aGb]h nufpg] xf]Og, ax; ug]{ sfd ug{ cfjZos 5 . k'/:sf/ lbg tfFtL nfUg'sf] ;§f slj–n]vsx¿nfO{ b'O{ tLg dlxgf;Dd 9'Ss eO{ l;h{gzLn sfd ug]{ aGbf]a:t ldnfOlbg cfjZos 5 . clegGbg sfo{qmd / k':ts ljdf]rg sfo{qmdsf ;6\6f syf / sljtf jfrg sfo{qmdx¿df cfd hgtfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] sbd rnfpg cfjZos 5 . ;flxTosf/x¿ hGdfpg] lzIff k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 . ljBfno ljBfnodf, SofDk; SofDk;df kf7\oqmddf gkg]{ ;flxlTos s[ltx¿ k'¥ofpg cfjZos 5 . lstfasf] k|sfzg k|0ffnLdf cfjZos kg]{ ;Dkfbgsf] lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos 5 . k|sflzt lstfax¿sf] ahf/sf] lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos 5 . :t/Lo ;flxTo k9\g gkfP/ 56kl6Psf hgtf / :t/Lo ;flxTo /Rg] slj–n]vsx¿aLrsf] ljzfn vf8n k'g{ cfjZos 5 . ;flxTosf/x¿n] af}nfxf, /S:ofxf jf sËfn cj:yfdf gk'uL l;h{gzLn hLjg lhpg ;Sg] cfly{s cfwf/x¿ tof/ ug{ cfjZos 5 .

b]zsf c¿ ;a} If]qdf ‰}+ ;flxlTos If]qdf ul/g'kg]{ sfdx¿ y'k|} 5g\ . cfhsf :jtGq ;flxlTos ;+:yfx¿af6 h] hlt sfd eO/x]sf] 5, Tof] klg k|z+;gLo 5 lsgeg] clt cFWof/f] jftfj/0fdf ltgLx¿n] pHofnf]sf] vf]hL ul//x]sf 5g\ . au/, /rgf, cleJolQm, pGgog, 3'FP]qf]h:tf ;flxlTos klqsfx¿ wGg rN5g\ 3f6f a]xf]/L–a]xf]/L . /, g]kfnsf ;flxTosf/x¿ wGg n]V5g\ cfˆg} ;do, cfly{s nfe / ;fdflhs dof{bfsf] a]jf:tf u/L–u/L . 6f9faf6 x]bf{ ;flxTosf/ x'g' eg]sf] s'g} xNsfkm'Nsf nx8h:tf] b]lvPnf, / syf jf sljtf n]Vg' eg]sf] cfˆg} Ifl0fs /x/ d]6\g] dgf]j]uh:tf] b]lvPnf . t/ jf:tjdf ;flxTosf/x¿n] d'n'ssf] l;h{gfTds hLjgnfO{ :j:y /fVg] ux|'Ëf] ef/ af]s]sf 5g\ . s;}sf] ;xof]u gkfO{, sxLFaf6 OHht gkfO{, s'g} ;fgf]ltgf] /fxt gkfO{, cfˆg} 3/–kl/jf/ ;d]taf6 dfof gkfO{ wGg n]Vb}5g\ g]kfnsf ;flxTosf/x¿ . xfd|f] ;dfhsf] wgsf] ¿kdf pgLx¿sf] sb/ kf] x'g'kg]{ lyof]=== .