|
cd]l/sL /fhb"tx? cfˆgf] sfo{sfn
k"/f x'g] tfs g]kfn a;fO{sf] cjlwdf eGg vf]h]sf ;a} s'/f ws
km'sfP/ af]Ng] rng h:t} ag]sf] b]lvG5 . uPsf] df3sf] bf];|f]
;ftfdf oxfFn] lbPsf] jQmJo ToxL rngsf] csf]{ >[ª\vnf t xf]Og <
To:tf s'/fx? d}n] kl5sf] nflu hf]ufP/ /fv]sf] 5' .
t/ Tof] jQmJokl5 cfPsf] k|ltlqmofaf6 tkfO{+
cfZro{df t kg'{ ePg <
clncln . t/ xfdLn] To:tf] xnrn dRrfpg] of]hgf agfPsf lyPgf}F,
Tof] t dfq} g]kfnsf] eljionfO{ ;f]r]/ af]lnPsf] s'/f lyof] .
g t Tof] ;/sf/tkm{, g b/af/tkm{ g} nlIft lyof] . jf:tjdf, Tof]
jQmJo n]Vbf xfdLnfO{ tL b'j} ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmddf k|ltlglwTj x'g]
6'Ëf] lyPg . xfdLn] g o;sf nflu of]hgf agfPsf lyof}F,
g t o:tf] xf]nf eg]/ ;f]r]sf g} lyof}F .
slxn] kmls{+b} x'g'x'G5 t <
of] ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf gofF k|zf;gsf] k|lqmof xf] . hxfF;Dd
dnfO{ nfU5 h]7–c;f/ jf ebf}lt/ xf]nf . t/ To:t} xf]nf
egL eGg klg ;lsGg .
cfˆgf] jQmJodf tkfO{+ s'zf;gsf sf/0f
hlGdPsf cK7\of/fx? / ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofnfO{ lnP/ lgs}
efj's x'g'x'GYof] . s] tkfO{+sf] ;/sf/n] g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u lbg]af/]
k'glj{rf/ ub}{5 <
;xof]u lbg k'glj{rf/ ug]{ jf To:t} vfnsf s'/fnfO{ ;+s]t jQmJodf
ul/Psf] xf]Og . nfdf] ;dob]lv ;+/rgf / hgtfaf6 hgtfd} hfg]
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ nlIft ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . To;sf nflu xfdL xfd|f
sfo{qmd / cfTdljZjf;nfO{ vf;u/L dGqfno cyjf ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] cj;/nfO{
x]/]/ tfnd]n ldnfpg] ub{5f}F . OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy eGg] xf] eg]
xfdL cfˆg} ;/sf/leq xfd|f] dfGotf / d"Nodf a;]/ cfˆgf
sfo{qmddf tfnd]n ldnfpF5f}F . pbfx/0fsf nflu lhDdL sf6{/sf
kfnfb]lv dfgj clwsf/ / JolQmut clwsf/nfO{ a9L ;] a9L hf]8 lbPsf]
5 .
gj lgjf{lrt /fi6«klt;Fu} s]xL kl/jt{g
x'g] ;Í]t 5 ls <
gxf]nf . ;d:t blIf0f Pl;ofsf nflu hf]8 lbg] pxL k'/fg} gLlt
sfod /xg]5 eGg] d]/f] ljrf/ 5 . uPsf] ;/sf/n] klg oxL gLlt
kfng u/]sf] lyof], clxn]sf]n] klg To;}nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]5 –
xfdLn] o:t} s'/fsf] alnof] ;Í]t kfPsf 5f}F . g]kfndf
xfd|f] k|f/lDes nIo eg]s} clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';GWffg cfof]u, dfgjclwsf/
cfof]u / lgjf{rg cfof]u h:tf ;+:yfx?sf] dfWodåf/f oxfFsf]
k|hftGqnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ eGg] /x]sf] 5 .
tkfO{+x?sf] gLlt lgdf{0f If]q jf bftf ;d"xdf
g]kfnk|ltsf] s:tf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 – gsf/fTds jf bf]ifblz{tfsf]
efj 5 ls <
bf]ifblz{tfsf] eGbf klg, k'/f ug{ g;lsPsf ;Defjgfx?af6 hlGdPsf lg/fzf
eGg ?rfpF5' d To;nfO{ . d}n] oxfF sfd u/]sf] 5 jif{ eof] /
;Defjgfx? uhasf 5g\, t/ To;nfO{ c‰} k'/f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
To;sf nflu s;nfO{ bf]ifL 7fGg'x'G5 <
d o;af/] klxNo} ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF . o;df ;/sf/ / kf6L{x? b'j}nfO{
bf]if lbg ;lsG5 . /, oL b'j} bf]ifefuL 5g\ / 5}gg\ klg .
ljut !) jif{df nueu ;a} kf6L{x?n] zf;g ul/;s]sf 5g\ . d oxfF
cfpFbf d'Vod'Vo kbdf /fk|kf lyof], Pdfn]n] klg df}sf kfPs} xf] /
g]kfnL sfªu|];;Fu klg k|z:t cj;/x? lyof] . ;do;Fu} hgtfn]
k|hftGqsf] kmn dfu ug'{ / e|i6frf/ b]Vbf ltgsf] kf/f tfTg' hfoh
xf] . d cfPb]lv g} x]b}{5', e|i6frf/ clxn] h:tf] a9]sf] slxn]
lyPg . 8«fOleª nfO;]G; lng hfFbf tkfO{+n] 3'; gVjfO{
x'Gg, af]8{/af6 s'g} ;fdfg l5/fpg 3'; gVjfO{ x'Gg . /, of]
s'/f htftt} 5 . o;n] Jofkf/df c;/ kf5{ / g]kfnk|lt /flvg] wf/0ffdf
c;/ u5{ . /fd|f] x'g;SYof] eGg] a'‰]kl5sf] lg/fzfaf6
hlGdG5 gsf/fTds ;f]r .
dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofdf Ps vfnsf] …AofsNofzÚ
x'g ;Sg] b]Vg' x'G5 ls <
d}n] dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ slxn] klg ;Lw} ;+af]wg u/]sf] 5}g .
t/ dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng Nofpg] sf/s tTj ulDe/ 5g\ . /tLdWo] clwsf+z
;dfwfg x'g'k5{ . tkfO{+nfO{ :ki6 eGg;S5' olb tkfO{+ dfcf]jfbLsf]
$) a'Fb] dfunfO{ x]g'{ eof] eg] d]/f] ljrf/df clwsf+z ;Gt'lnt dfG5]x?n]
o;nfO{ a9L k|ltztdf :jLsf/ ug]{5g\ . rflxG5 eg] tkfO{+ dnfO{
pb\w[t ug{ ;Sg'x'G5– d tL dfux? lgoldt x]g]{ u5'{Ù
;DklQsf] clwsf/ x'g' k5{ ls kb}{g < e]befjsf ;D‰f}tfx?nfO{
TofUg' k5{ ls kb}{g < t/ ToxfF y'k|} o:tf s'/f 5g\ h'g ljidosf/L
5, TolQs} ck|hftflGqs klg 5 . uPsf] s]xL dlxgfleqsf cvaf/x?df
x]g'{ eof] eg] tkfO{+n] dfcf]jfbLx?n] s]xL 7fpFdf sAhf hdfPsf] s'/f
k9\g' x'g]5 . pgLx?n] cufl8 ;f/]sf s'/f ;Dejt lgs[i6 5g\, /f]ueGbf
cf}iflw lgs[i6 b]lvG5 .
oL ;a} s'/fdf pgLx? Psbd} Naive b]lvG5g\ .
pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfndfly ;d|fHojfbL cfsf+Iff /fVg] eg]/ cd]l/sfnfO{
lrgfpg vf]Hg'nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . of] pgLx?n] s] eGg vf]h]sf] eg]/
d cg'dfg klg nufpg ;lQmg . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] s'/f ubf{, g]kfn
ljZj cy{tGqdf ;xefuL x'g rfxG5 of cfkmF} kvf{n v8f u/]/ hL0f{ /
cg'Tkfbs pBf]u wGbfnfO{ k|>o lbg rfxG5 eGg] s'/f p;}sf] OR5fdf
e/kg]{ s'/f xf] .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f cd]l/sLx? wDSofOPsf
s'/fdf tkfO{+sf] s;};Fu …8fO/]S6 sDo'lgs]zgÚ ePsf]
5 <
5 .
s] To;}n] cd]l/sLx?nfO{ ;ts{ /xg] ;'‰fj
hf/L ug'{ ePsf] xf] <
xf] Û xfdLn] ;'‰fj hf/L u/]kl5 k|wfg GofofwLzsf] xTof
k|of; ePsf] 5 . /, d}n] hfg];Dd cd]l/sL ;F:yf eg]/ lrlgPsf
7fpFdf nuftf/ cf7 k6s cfqmd0f ul/Psf] 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df xfdLn]
lnPsf] ;t{stfsf] cfwf/ 7Ls lyof] . hxfF;Dd b"tfjf;sf]
kvf{ndf ;"rgf 6fF:g] tkfO{sf] ;'‰fj -g]kfnL 6fOD; c+s
@* df n]lvPsf] ;DkfbsLo_ 5, xfdLnfO{ To;f] ug]{ cg'dlt 5}g .
olb tkfO{+ nsaL{ ad sf08 ;lD‰g'x'G5 eg] ToxfF klg To;}u/L
r]tfjgL lbOPsf] lyof]– Jofks k|rf/ gu/L b"tfjf;sf] kvf{nsf]
leQfdf 6fF;]/ . To;}sf] kl/0ffd :j?k ha cd]l/sLx? hf]lvddf
5g\ eGg] ;"rgf kfOG5 ta Tof] hfgsf/L ;a}nfO{ lbg'k5{ eGg] Pp6f
sfg"g kfl/t ul/of] . d tkfO{+sf] rf;f]sf] ;Ddfg u5'{ t/
d]/f] ;'‰fj g]kfnsf] ko{6g pBf]usf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ cd]l/sL
b"tfjf;n] eGbf g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n] g} y'k|} sfd ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
t/ tkfO{+n] eGg' ePsf] xf]Og /, o;n] gsf/fTds
k|efj kf5{ eg]/ <
ut jif{ hxfh p8], p8]gg\ / xf]6n x8\tfn, rSsf hfd tyf dfcf]jfbL
cfGbf]ng h:tf ;d:ofn] g]kfns} ko{6g pBf]unfO{ s:tf] c;/ u¥of]
Tof] cfˆg} 7fpFdf 5, xfd|f] 6«fen cf8\efOhf]/Lx?nfO{
eGbf .
t/ jf:tjd} cd]l/sLx?nfO{ c;/ k/]sf] t b]lvFb}g
lg <
ko{6sLo :yndf dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfqmd0f ubf{ ToxfF cd]l/sL gful/sx?sf]
klg pkl:ylt lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn] ko{6sx?sf] ;d"xdf cfqmd0f
ubf{ klg cd]l/sLx? k/]sf lyP . t/ ltgLx?nfO{ cd]l/sL eg]/ nlIft
ul/Psf] lyPg .
p= clxn];Dd lyPg xf]nf . t/ clxn]
ha cd]l/sL ;F:yf eg]/ lrlgPsf 7fpFdf cfqmd0f ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ s]
eGg] <
To:tf lgsfodf slxn] xdnf ePsf lyP <
;DejtM s]xL lbgkl5 Tof] s'/f ;fj{hlgs xf]nf . d of] s'/f zx/el/
;'Gb}5' . /, tL sf] x'g\ eg]/ atfpg] sfd d]/f] xf]Og .
oL ;a} s'/fn] ljb]zL nufgLdf gsf/fTds k|efj
k/]sf] 5 <
nufgL ug]{ jftfj/0fsf nflu dfcf]jfbL ;d:of eg]sf] Pp6f kf6f] dfq}
xf] . oxfF c? y'k|} To:tf kl/l:yltx? 5g\, h;n] nufgLstf{nfO{
pT;flxt ub}{g . ljleGg cd]l/sL sDkgLx? 5g\, hf] g]kfndf nufgL
ug{ rfxG5g\, t/ tLdWo] sltn] Tof] ljrf/ TofUg' k¥of], lsgeg]
oxfF sfg"g / lgod k|i6 5}g . 3"; lbg}kg]{ sf/0fn]
klg tL /f]lsP . g]kfnL ;F:yfn] /fv]sf] lgod / 7"nf] kl/df0fdf
w/f}6L /fVg'kg]{ k|fjwfg sfg"g;Ddt lyPgg\ . Ps–b'O{
j6f sDkgLn] ToxL zt{df eP klg k|:tfj g:jLsf/]sf xf]Ogg\, t/ ltgLx?
c‰} oxfF cfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . dfcf]jfbLx? Pp6f sf/0f
xf]nfg\ t/ tL dfq} sf/0f xf]Ogg\ .
cd]l/sL sDkgLx?n] s] s] df nufgL ug{ vf]h]sf
/x]5g\ <
d]/f] ljrf/df of] tkfO{+x?nfO{ klg yfxf 5– xfO8«f]kfj/,
cfly{s ;]jf cflb . ;DejtM sf]8fssf] syf klg tkfO{nfO{ yfx}
xf]nf .
sf]8fssf s'/f ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'u]sf]
5 / ;'lgG5 cd]l/sfn] sf]8fssf nflu ef/tdf jsfnt u/]sf] lyof] /]
Û
xf], /fi6«klt lSnG6g ef/t e|d0fdf hfFbf ToxfF uPsf xfd|f afl0fHo
;lrjn] Tof] s'/f p7fPsf x'g\ . To;avt ;xof]u ldNg] arg kfOPsf]
lyof] t/ To;sf] kl/0ffd clxn];Dd cfPsf] 5}g . xf], xfdLn] hlt;Sbf]
dfly of] s'/f p7fPsf] rflxF xf] .
sf]8fs hfgfn] cGo ;Defljt cd]l/sL nufgLstf{
g]kfn cfpg] s'/fnfO{ c;/ knf{ <
s'/f l5§} km}lnG5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 5 . dnfO{ nfU5 sf]8fsn]
^) nfv 8n/sf] nufgL aGb u/]/ hfFb}5 . of] rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og .
e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] ;d:of bz jif{;Dd ufF7f]
k/]/ a;]sf] lyof] . clxn] crfgs tL ufF7fx? v'Nb}5g\ .
s] o;sf] k5fl8 cd]l/sL rf;f]n] sfd u/]sf] lyof] <
Ps k|sf/sf] s"6gLlts lx;fan] y'k|} s'/fx? tx nufOPsf] 5 .
clxn]nfO{ s'/f olQd} /fv"F xf]nf .
t/ lr¶Lx? lg === <
y'k|} lr¶Lx? g]kfnnfO{ uof] / e'6fgnfO{ klg, h;df ;xfos ;lrj
h'lnof 6\ofˆ6sf] k|:tfj, cf]uf6f -o'=Pg=Pr=;L=cf/=_ sf] e|d0f
/ lr¶Lx? kb{5g\ . y'k|} sfdx? ePsf 5g\, s"6gLlts
efiffdf eGg'kbf{ :ki6 / v'nf 5nkmn, 7f87f8} s'/fsfgL ePsf 5g\–
e'6fgLx?;Fu dfq} xf]Og, g]kfnsf xfd|f ;xsdL{x?;Fu klg ePsf 5g\ .
ef/t;Fu lg <
d]/f] ljZjf;df ef/t;Fu klg k|Zg p7fOPsf] lyof] / ToxfFaf6 To:t}
hjfkm kfof}F h:tf] g]kfnn] kfof] .
xfO8«f]kfj/df nufgL ug{ rflxg] /sd h'6fpg ef]Ug' kg]{ ;d:ofnfO{
ljZn]if0f ug'{ ePsf] 5 < s] x'g\ tL <
g]kfnn] xfO8«f]kfj/sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] s'/f Psflt/
5 / xfdL Tof] ;Defjgfsf af/] c‰};Dd klg s'/} dfq ul//fv]sf
5f}F eGg] h'g lg/fzf g]kfnLx?df 5, d cfkm" klg To;df ;xdt 5' .
/, lvDtL, ef]6]sf]zL / To:t} c? of]hgf h'g rn]sf 5g\, ltgaf6 d Psbd}
k|efljt 5' . g]kfndf ;/sf/ lkR5] o; ljifodf km/s b[li6sf]0f
/x]sf] kfOG5 . -d cfpFbf oxfF s'g} l8e]nd]G6 sDkgLn] g]kfnsf]
:jfy{ af/] uP/ s'/f cufl8 a9fOb]cf];\ eGg] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfPF .
of] s'/f dnfO{ dof{bf ljk/Lt nfUof] lsgeg] of] t /fli6«o d'2fsf]
s'/f lyof] / o;/L k6s k6s g]uf]l;o;g ug'{ plrt lyPg ._ g]kfnn]
ef/t;Fu g]uf]l;o6 ug'{kYof]{, t/ of] s'/f g]kfndf ;/sf/ ablnPlkR5]
ab\ln/Xof] . kz'klt zdz]/ /f0ff, z}nhf cfrfo{b]lv uf]ljGb/fh
hf]zL;Dd ;a}sf] o;df km/s km/s b[li6sf]0f 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL k|efljt If]qdf l8e]nkd]G6
Kofs]h k'¥ofpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfn] o; s'/fdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] efjgf 5 ls <
xfdL / c? y'k|} bftfx? dfcf]jfbL k|efljt If]qdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
tTk/ 5g\– olb of] ;d:of ;+j}wflgs / zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn]
;dfwfg eof] eg] . d}n] s'/f u/]sf clwsf+z bftfx? o;df tof/
5g\ .
;d:of ;dfwfg ePkl5 dfq} < t/ ;/sf/ t ;dfwfgs} nflu ;xof]u
vf]Hb}5 .
o;df d]/f] ;/sf/ ;'/Iff ;d:ofsf sf/0f c;dy{
5 . xfdL xfd|f hgtfnfO{ hf]lvddf kfg{ ;Qm}gf}F .
of] ;Í6af6 kf/ kfpg] s'g} pkfo b]Vg'x'G5 <
Ps dfq af6f] xf] g]uf]l;o;g . of] s'/f d}n] ;a} txdf / ;a};Fu
p7fPsf] 5' . xfd|f] /fli6«o lrXg x]g'{;\– o;df
Pp6f afh b]lvG5, h;sf] Pp6f k~hf h}t'gsf] ?vsf] 8fF7df 5 eg] csf]{
k~hfdf -tL/_ sfF8 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] k|ltkIfdf
sf]xL 5}gg\ clg ltgn] lsg g]uf]l;o6 ug]{ < t/ g]uf]l;o;g\
afx]s csf]{ rf/f 5}g . -afa'/fd e§/fO{sf]_ $) a'Fb] h'g
s'/f 5g\ ltgdf slt j6f dfu o:tf 5g\ h;nfO{ dfGg s;}nfO{ klg s'g}
;d:of 5}g, afFsL /x]sf a'FbfnfO{ 6]a'ndf a;]/ ;'N‰fpg' k5{ .
t/ b'j}tkm{n] cfw'lgs xftxltof/ h'6fP/
/ zlQmåf/f g]uf]l;o6 ug]{ ;f]r] eg] <
of] s'/f t eO g} /x]sf] 5 . lglZrt ?kdf dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu xftxltof/
5 / ltgn] cfkm"nfO{ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ ;z:q ;+3if{
rfn" /fVg] jf ;fFlRrs} zflGt rfxg] eGg] s'/f pgLx?sf] /f]hfOdf
e/ k5{ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 6]a'ndf cfpg s'g} sf/0f rflxG5 / x'g;S5
;z:q k|x/L ann] Tof] sfd k"/f unf{ . xfd|f] ljrf/df ;a}
kf6L{ 6]a'ndf cfpg'k5{, 6]a'ndf cfpgsf nflu xfdLn] h] ug'{ kg]{
xf] Tof] s'/f ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . b'j}tkm{af6 ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
jftf{df cfpg'k5{ . o; afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
ljutdf ePsf] g]uf]l;o;gaf/] tkfO{sf] wf/0ff
s] 5 <
d]/f] ljrf/df syfsf] csf]{ v08 k|sfzdf
cfPsf] 5}g . d}n] h] k9]F ToxL yfxf kfPF, s'/f Tof] eGbf lgs}
ulx/f] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o dWo:ystf{sf] s'g} e"ldsf b]Vg'x'G5 <
x'g;S5 . To;sf nflu b'j} kIfn] kTofPsf] dWo:ystf{ rflxof] .
s]xL ;docl3 s;}n] xfdL;Fu klg k|:tfj /fv]sf] lyof] . d}n] ;Lw}
elglbPF dfcf]jfbLx? xfdLnfO{ kTofpFb}gg\ . lglZrt ?kn] xfdLnfO{
?rL 5 t/ lglZrt ?kn] xfdL Ps kIfsf nflu ljZjf; kfq klg gx'Fnf .
jf:tjdf g]uf]l;o;g x'g'k5{ eg]/ d}n] ;a} k|d'v ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?nfO{
eg]sf] x'F .
tkfO{+n] h–h;nfO{ eGg' ef] pgLx?n]
s] hjfkm lbP <
tkfO{+nfO{ h:tf] vfn] hjfkm lbG5g\ p:t} t xf] lg Û
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